五氯硫酚锌盐粉尘爆炸下限浓度的实验研究

五氯硫酚锌盐的一些基本的危险性参数,如燃烧爆炸性能,目前国内外报道极少。笔者采用野外定性燃烧试验、哈特曼管实验及20 L球实验,对该物质粉尘爆炸的危险性进行研究。结果表明,该物质具有燃烧爆炸危险性,但与细小片状铝粉(燃爆危险性很强烈)相比,其粉尘的燃爆危险性很弱。以硅系点火具作为点火源,在20 L爆炸球中测试获得该粉尘爆炸下限浓度约为213 g/m3。根据ISO-6184及VD I-3673等标准,认为该粉尘的爆炸猛烈度为1级。所得结果为该物质的生产及使用安全提供了重要的参考。     

铜锌内电解法降解水中三氯乙酸的研究

在饮用水液氯消毒副产物中,三氯乙酸的致癌风险最高,且难以生物降解,具有"三致"(致癌、致畸、致突变)作用,对人们的身体健康危害大。铜锌催化内电解法可有效地对三氯乙酸以催化脱氯的方式进行降解,实验考察了pH、Zn/Cu质量比、Zn/Cu投加量和反应时间等参数对三氯乙酸降解效果的影响。含有1.0mg/L三氯乙酸的模拟用水其最佳反应条件为:Zn与Cu最佳质量比为4:1;Zn与Cu总质量为1.0g;最佳pH值为3;搅拌反应时间为10min;在该条件下,三氯乙酸的降解率可达到95.1%,实验结果表明,铜锌催化内电解法对三氯乙酸的脱氯还原具有很高的催化活性。通过鉴定中间产物探讨了其催化还原机理,三氯乙酸是按照三氯乙酸→二氯乙酸→一氯乙酸→乙酸的途径分步还原脱氯。     

4-CP在零价铁/H2O2系中的降解研究

文章对4-氯酚在非均相零价铁/H2O2体系中的降解进行了实验研究.结果表明,4-氯酚能在低pH零价铁/H2O2体系中迅速降解.pH对降解具有重要影响,当pH大于5,4-CP降解效果<10%.同时在低pH(pH3)环境下考察了铁粉和H2O2投加量的影响,在最佳条件下对溶液中亚铁离子的形成和过氧化氢的分解进行了进一步的实验研究.最后在对中间产物分析的基础上提出了4-CP降解路径假设.     

4-CP在零价铁/H_2O_2体系中的降解研究

文章对4-氯酚在非均相零价铁/H2O2体系中的降解进行了实验研究。结果表明,4-氯酚能在低pH零价铁/H2O2体系中迅速降解。pH对降解具有重要影响,当pH大于5,4-CP降解效果<10%。同时在低pH(pH3)环境下考察了铁粉和H2O2投加量的影响,在最佳条件下对溶液中亚铁离子的形成和过氧化氢的分解进行了进一步的实验研究。最后在对中间产物分析的基础上提出了4-CP降解路径假设。     

利用固相反硝化同时去除水中硝酸盐和4-氯酚

研究了固相反硝化技术同时去除水中硝酸盐和4-氯酚的可行性.结果表明,以可降解餐盒为碳源和微生物附着载体进行异养反硝化,能有效去除水中的硝酸盐.在批式实验条件下,当NO^-₃-N初始浓度为50 mg/L时,平均反硝化速率为24.0 mg/(L·h).当4-氯酚浓度低于30 mg/L时,对反硝化脱氮有促进作用;大于40 mg/L时,对反硝化有抑制作用.在反硝化条件下,当4-氯酚的初始浓度分别为5 mg/L和30 mg/L时,8　h后其去除率分别为90%和71%,4-氯酚的去除是由于可降解餐盒的吸附作用及附着微生物的降解作用.     

双氯酚在蒙脱石悬浮水溶液中的光降解

利用金属卤化物灯(钠铊铟灯系列,250W,λ≥365nm)为光源,研究了蒙脱石KSF对悬浮水溶液中双氯酚的光降解及其影响因素。结果表明双氯酚能够在KSF存在下被有效的光降解。在pH3.2,KSF4g/L条件下,5mg/L双氯酚经过100min光照降解去除率达到82.7%;在pH3.0~9.0范围内,双氯酚的去除率在pH值为3时达到最高;在改姓蒙脱石KSF投放量在0~4g/L时,双氯酚的去除率随着投放量的增大而增大;同时,在反应体系中加入羧酸盐可使双氯酚的去除率有一定程度的提高。     

ECF和TCF漂白是我国非木浆行业可持续发展的方向

制浆造纸行业COD排放量占全国工业COD排放量的30%以上,而产量仅占24%的非木浆行业占污染负荷的60%以上,对我国环境污染极大。非木浆由我国国情决定而存在,在目前尚无法完全取缔非木浆企业的情况下,积极发展以ECF和TCF漂白工艺为基础的非木浆是我国制浆造纸工业持久发展的一种选择,也是我国造纸行业污染物减排的一条重要途径。     

Cytotoxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin on the macrophage cell line RAW264.7

The wide use and wide-spectrum toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) insecticides make them an emerging ecotoxicological concern. Some previous studies showed that SPs possessed cytotoxicity in some immune cells such as human lymphocytes and rat bone marrow. However, the cytotoxicity of SPs to macrophages, which are crucial to innate immunity, has not been explored. In the present report, we investigated a new pyrethroid insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), which may increase the generation of reactive ...     

γ-射线辐照-H2O2联合技术降解3-氯酚的研究

利用60Coγ-射线辐照3-氯酚(3-CP)水溶液,研究了其辐射降解特性.通过测量辐射后3-氯酚的去除率、紫外-可见光谱、脱氯率、总有机碳(TOC)去除率等,探讨了吸收剂量、氯酚初始浓度、H2O2加入对氯酚降解效果的影响,并初步探讨了氯酚降解动力学特性.结果表明,当3-氯酚浓度为10 mg.L-1,辐射剂量为2 kGy时,脱氯率可达100%,TOC去除率达53%;当辐射剂量提高到8 kGy时,3-氯酚可完全矿化,TOC去除率达100%.3-氯酚的辐照降解过程可用一级反应动力学方程拟合.氯酚单独γ-辐射以及辐照/H2O2联合处理的一级反应动力学常数k分别为0.279 h-1和0.542 h-1.     

Levels, distributions, and source identification of organochlorine pesticides in the topsoils in Northeastern China

Seventeen topsoil samples (9 urban, 4 suburban, 3 rural and 1 background) were collected in/around Harbin, a typical city in northeast of China, to measure concentration levels of organocholrine pesticides (OCPs) in topsoil of Northeastern China in 2006. Hexachlorohexanes (HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were detected in soil samples with mean concentrations (in pg/g dry weight (dw)) of 7120, 5425, and 1039, respectively. The mean concentrations for other OCPs were very low, 4.8 pg/g dw for chlordane and 3.3 pg/g dw for endosulfan. Source identification analysis reveals that all OCPs found in soil samples were due to historical use of these chemicals or from other source regions through long- and short-range atmospheric transport. DDT was mainly used in the rural sites, whereas the sources of HCB, chlordane and endosulfan were mainly in the urban area. HCH was found almost equally in both urban and rural area. Soil concentrations of all detected OCPs, except HCHs, in and around Harbin were much lower than those in the southeast of China, which is expected since the use of these OCPs in the former was much lower than that in the latter, however higher HCH concentrations in and around Harbin than those found in most places of the Southeast China is not expected. It is suggested that high HCH concentration in soil of Northeast China was most likely due to long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) from Southeast China and the cold condensation process.