高温-动态冲击作用下页岩微纳米孔隙结构演化特征

为阐明甲烷原位燃爆压裂载荷对页岩储层的微观改性特征,开展高温-动载协同作用下页岩微纳米孔隙结构的演化特征研究,选取典型页岩样品,综合应用3D轮廓测量、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD),分析高温-动态冲击作用后的页岩碎块的宏微观粗糙特性、孔裂隙结构及矿物组分随高温的变化特征。结果表明：随温度升高,页岩断面毫米级粗糙度先略有降低后急剧升高。随温度升高,页岩有机质纳米孔减少,石英中出现复杂裂缝,碳酸盐矿物产生气孔,黏土矿物层间结构破坏,页岩体孔隙度由常温的1.488%逐渐上升至700℃的1.997%。不同高温下页岩物性组成差异显著,XRD定量分析结果显示,石英的质量占比升高,方解石和白云石总占比降低,从微纳米尺度说明燃爆载荷对页岩储层有改性效果。     

通过优化环境应力筛选提高电子产品可靠性

本文对国内环境应力筛选相关的标准进行了研究,通过理论计算和实际产品的试验验证两个维度对环境应力筛选进行了优化.结合我单位电路板的实际情况,研究了组件级别温度冲击中温度保持时间,温变率,温度循环次数等因素.通过对几组电路板组件温度冲击筛选度的计算,提出了最优温度循环次数的试验设计方法.通过两箱法对我公司的通信电子产品进行...     

瞬时NH4+-N冲击对微压反应器污染物去除效果的影响

探究NH₄+-N冲击对微压反应器(MPR)污染物去除效率的影响,通过提高单周期瞬时进水NH₄+-N浓度至40,50 mg/L,对MPR进行冲击。结果表明:常规负荷下,MPR具有良好的污染物去除效果。冲击周期降解历时数据显示,在进水40 mg/L NH₄+-N冲击周期内进水ρ(COD)、ρ(NH₄+-N)、ρ(TP)分别为192.58,40.96,2.52 mg/L,出水分别为38.16,0.70,0.26 mg/L,去除效果无显著变化,出水TN浓度上升至16.04 mg/L。增加NH₄+-N冲击浓度至50 mg/L,冲击周期内NH₄+-N降解速率不变,反硝化速率提高,出水ρ(NH₄+-N)、ρ(TN)升高至4.95,17.62 mg/L,TN降解主要受碳源不足影响;TP去除效果无变化,冲击后57个周期内除磷系统受到影响,出水TP出现较大波动,最高浓度达到2.6 mg/L。以上结果表明,MPR系统受到NH₄+-N冲击后1个周期内,脱氮性能即可恢复,说明冲击对脱氮系统造成了可逆的短期影响,但对除磷系统造成不可逆的长期影响。     

车载接地装置的冲击接地阻抗研究

为解决车载装置在不同路面的接地问题,我们研制了可迅速安装和撤收的便携式接地装置,并选取一种组合在不同岩土介质地面上进行了实验,测得各自的冲击接地阻抗。然后,采用时域有限差分法对实验装置进行了数值分析,得出了该接地装置冲击接地阻抗的时域特性。与实验结果进行对比的结果表明,两者具有较好的一致性。     

Phosphorus recovery from biogas fermentation liquid by Ca-Mg loaded biochar

Shortage in phosphorus(P) resources and P wastewater pollution is considered as a serious problem worldwide. The application of modified biochar for P recovery from wastewater and reuse of recovered P as agricultural fertilizer is a preferred process. This work aims to develop a calcium and magnesium loaded biochar(Ca–Mg/biochar) application for P recovery from biogas fermentation liquid. The physico-chemical characterization, adsorption efficiency, adsorption selectivity, and postsorption availability of Ca-Mg/biochar were investigated. The synthesized Ca–Mg/biochar was rich in organic functional groups and in Ca O and Mg O nanoparticles. With the increase in synthesis temperature, the yield decreased, C content increased, H content decreased, N content remained the same basically, and BET surface area increased. The P adsorption of Ca–Mg/biochar could be accelerated by nano-Ca O and nano-Mg O particles and reached equilibrium after 360 min.The process was endothermic, spontaneous, and showed an increase in the disorder of the solid–liquid interface. Moreover, it could be fitted by the Freundlich model. The maximum P adsorption amounts were 294.22, 315.33, and 326.63 mg/g. The P adsorption selectivity of Ca–Mg/biochar could not be significantly influenced by the typical p H level of biogas fermentation liquid. The nano-Ca O and nano-Mg O particles of Ca–Mg/biochar could reduce the negative interaction effects of coexisting ions. The P releasing amounts of postsorption Ca–Mg/biochar were in the order of Ca–Mg/B600 Ca–Mg/B450 Ca–Mg/B300. Results revealed that postsorption Ca–Mg/biochar can continually release P and is more suitable for an acid environment.     

Strategic Environmental Assessment： A New Tool for Ecological Urbanization of Coastal Cities in China

Recently, there has been growing concerns about environmental issues related to urbanization in China. The intense natural resources utilization and increasing population has brought great pressure, especially in coastal areas, consequently affecting the sustainable development of coastal cities. In 2002, Environmental Impact Assessment Act （EIA Act） was enacted in China. Environmental impact assessment targeted at planning, one level of strategic environmental assessment （SEA）, thus became a legislative requirement. This paper considers SEA to be one of the important approaches not only to control coastal pollution, but also to conserve coastal ecosystems and finally to achieve sustainable development during urbanization, thus it will be a set an example for other areas of China. The experience of SEA in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeast China, illustrates the potentials of SEA. This paper first briefly introduces the concept and potentials of SEA, then compares two SEA cases and a project EIA case in Xiamen, and finally identifies the key characteristics of SEA.     

废弃电路板湿法破碎能耗试验研究

采用Design-Expert 7.1软件对废弃电路板湿法冲击式破碎机能耗试验进行了方案设计和结果分析;拟合出了能耗与试验影响因素之间的定量关系模型,给出了能耗的残差分布以及不同操作变量之间的等高线和三维响应关系;利用Design-Expert 7.1对电路板破碎能耗试验的条件进行了优化,获得了最佳的操作指标。     

Glass fiber supported BiOI thin-film fixed-bed photocatalytic reactor for water decontamination under solar light irradiation

BiOI powder has been proved to be an efficient photocatalyst, but the difficulty in removing it from water after reaction limits its application in real water treatment. To solve this problem,a thin-film fixed-bed reactor(TFFBR) was set-up by developing a BiOI thin film on glass fiber cloth(GFC). The composition and structure of the as-prepared films were characterized with X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The BiOI thin film was made by painting a silica sol containing BiOI on GFC, which could be tailored to desired sizes to accommodate the TFFBR. The mass of BiOI on the GFC increased with the number of iterations of the painting process. SiO2 sol glued the BiOI particles tightly onto the GFC,making the thin film strong enough to resist fluid flushing in the TFFBR. The photocatalytic activity of the BiOI thin film was investigated by degrading bisphenol A(BPA) under simulated sunlight. Ninety eight percent of BPA(20 mg/L in 2 L) was degraded by the BiOI thin film sample of seven layers(GFC-7) on the TFFBR within 8 hr irradiation. The GFC-7 displayed good photocatalytic ability toward artificial sewage containing BPA in a wide pH range(5–9),and also demonstrated excellent durability and reusability. The working conditions were optimized and it was found that the thickness of the fluid film and residence time over the thin film were key factors affecting the photocatalytic efficiency.     

高有机负荷冲击对填料型MBR运行性能的影响

针对分散式农村生活污水有机负荷变化明显的特点,研究了填料型厌氧-缺氧-好氧膜生物反应器（A²O-MBR）抗高有机负荷的能力,考察了高有机负荷冲击对污染物去除效果、悬浮和附着污泥性质以及膜污染的影响.结果表明,高负荷冲击期间污染物去除稳定,氨氮去除率在冲击第3d从99.1%下降到78.5%,出水氨氮浓度高于5mg/L,随后去除率恢复至97.6%;悬浮和附着微生物的三磷酸腺苷（ATP）含量增加;附着生物量显著增加;细胞外聚合物（EPS）增加;高有机负荷冲击期间膜污染更严重,膜面污染层EPS含量显著增加;太阳能微动力A²O-MBR系统能减少10%的碳排放.     

基质冲击对ANAMMOX颗粒释放AHLs及颗粒特性的影响

从群体感应角度考察基质冲击对ANAMMOX颗粒特性的影响,以期为提高ANAMMOX颗粒抗基质冲击能力提供理论指导与借鉴.结果表明,24h 1500mg/L总氮冲击刺激颗粒AHLs释放量由4.3大幅增加至10.0,同时颗粒结合性胞外聚合物（B-EPS）过量释放（增加了107.3mg/g VSS）,导致颗粒沉降性能下降（密度和沉速分别降低了53%和33%）.但基质浓度恢复至稳定期水平后,AHLs释放量逐渐恢复至稳定期水平,同时B-EPS产量和颗粒性状也逐渐恢复至稳定期水平,推测基质冲击导致AHLs释放量的变化进而引起B-EPS产量的变化.批次试验结果进一步证实了基质浓度显著影响AHLs释放量,B-EPS产量与AHLs释放量密切相关.总氮浓度为1000mg/L时,AHLs释放量高达11.7,导致B-EPS中的松散结合性EPS（LB-EPS）相比总氮浓度为200mg/L时增加了69mg/g VSS,颗粒沉降性能下降.然而紧密结合性EPS（TB-EPS）含量不受基质浓度影响,认为LB-EPS是决定颗粒沉降能力的关键因素.低浓度抑制剂可有效抑制高基质浓度引起的AHLs过量释放,使LB-EPS产量降低36%,颗粒沉降性能和活性得以提高.