一株丁草胺降解菌的分离鉴定及培养条件优化

利用富集培养技术从长期施用丁草胺的稻田土壤中分离得到1株能够降解丁草胺的细菌,标记为LYC-2.经形态特征、生理生化特征和16SrDNA序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为钩杆菌属(Ancylobacter sp.).同时,为探索菌株LYC-2的生长特性和最佳培养条件,利用正交试验设计法考察了接种量、温度、pH值3个因素对菌株LYC-2生长的影响.结果表明,菌株LYC-2的最适生长温度为35℃,最适pH值为7.5.当接种量为6%(体积分数,下同)时,该菌株在含100mg.L-1的丁草胺无机盐基础培养液中培养5d后,可使丁草胺降解率达90.85%以上.     

缢蛏致病性气单胞菌的分离鉴定及毒力研究

对连云港市连云区2006年7月在养殖缢蛏中爆发的一次流行病进行了病原菌分离、培养、毒力试验和详细的生理生化测定,确定点状气单胞菌为其病原菌;并探讨了该菌在不同盐度波动(S0、S2、S4和S6分别代表盐度波动幅度为0、2、4和6)和不同水温(21℃、25℃、29℃和33℃)条件下对缢蛏存活率的影响,结果表明:S0处理组缢蛏的存活率显著高于S2、S4和S6处理组,而S6处理组缢蛏的存活率显著低于其它处理,S2和S4处理组组间差异不显著;在21℃和25℃温度处理组,缢蛏的存活率为100%,显著高于29℃和33℃温度处理组,而33℃温度处理组显著低于其它处理。     

机械分离回收方法处理电子废弃物探讨

目前,电子废弃物的资源化利用正成为1个全球性的紧迫问题。针对电子废弃物增长较快,对环境产生严重污染,对人们的生产生活及身体健康产生较大影响的现状,从电子废弃物的增长性、危害性、潜在价值等方面,阐述了电子废弃物的主要特点;从电子废弃物的拆解、破碎、分选等方面,阐述了电子废弃物机械回收利用的一些方法。指出电子废弃物的机械分离回收与其他回收方法相比,污染小、效率高、方法简单、成本低、容易规模化。介绍了国内外电子废弃物机械处理的研究现状及在工业上的应用与发展,可为国内在这方面的应用提供借鉴。     

一株石油烃降解菌的分离、鉴定及降解特性

从胜利油田采油厂石油污染土壤中分离筛选到一株石油高效降解菌SY-02,以石油烃为唯一碳源和能源。在总石油烃(TPH)浓度为1%(W/V)培养液中接种一定量的该菌,30℃、200r/min摇瓶振荡培养7d,TPH降解率可达71%。经形态、生理生化及16S rDNA同源性等指标分析,初步鉴定该菌种属Pseudomonas chlororaphis(绿针假单胞菌)。纯烃底物降解实验表明正十六烷最易被SY-02菌代谢,其次是单环芳烃苯,然后是二环芳烃萘和三环芳烃菲,环烷烃较难被利用。     

硝化细菌单菌分离方式的探讨

通过2种单菌分离方式即直接分离和先富集再分离,利用选择性培养基获得转化NO2-→NO3-的硝化细菌,根据化学法和离子色谱法检测不同分离方法得到的单菌的硝化速率,结果表明先富集再分离所得菌株的硝化速率显著高于直接分离的菌株.     

HP-5毛细管柱气相色谱法分离水中滴滴涕色谱条件研究

本试验利用HP-5毛细管柱,气相色谱法对水中滴滴涕几种衍生体的分离条件进行了研究和优化,找到了最佳仪器条件,为水中滴滴涕的检测提供了一定的试验参考。     

冷冻分离法去除水中污染物的对比研究

分别以含Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Na＋等无机离子水样和含有溴氨酸（1-氨基-4-溴-蒽醌-2-磺酸钠）的水溶液、UIImann缩合反应产生废水为研究对象,采用静态渐进冷冻法分别在人工条件下进行实验,分析并对比了冷冻法对水体中污染物的去除效果和规律。结果表明：冷冻法可以有效去除水体中各种污染物,由于污染物自身结构不同,冷冻法对污染物分离有选择性,对有机物的去除高于无机离子,对单一污染物去除高于复杂废水。     

Identification and characterization of the chromium（Ⅵ） responding protein from a newly isolated Ochrobactrum anthropi CTS-325

A Gram-negative, chromium(VI) tolerant and reductive strain CTS-325, isolated from a Chinese chromate plant, was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi based on its biochemical properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was able to tolerate up to 10 mmol/L Cr(VI) and completely reduce 1 mmol/L Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within 48 h. When the strain CTS-325 was induced with Cr(VI), a protein increased significantly in the whole cell proteins. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that this protein was a superoxide dismutase (SOD) homology. The measured superoxide dismutase activity was 2694 U/mg after three steps of purification. The SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O₂^·−) into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This protein is considered to be one of the most important anti-oxidative enzymes for O. anthropi as it allows the bacterium to survive high oxygen stress environments, such as the environment produced during the reduction process of Cr(VI).     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融过程中重金属分离效果影响因素研究

采用重庆同兴垃圾焚烧发电厂产生的焚烧飞灰,在感应炉上进行熔融处理实验研究,探讨了熔融温度、熔融时间、碱度等因素对熔融过程中重金属分离效果的影响.结果表明,重金属的挥发率按其熔沸点高低区分明显,Pb、Zn和Cd的挥发率较高,分别为80%、60%和95%左右;Cr、Mn的挥发率均低于10%.随着熔融时间、熔融温度和碱度的增加,Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、Cr的挥发率变化趋势不明显;铁浴熔融方式可进一步促进Zn、Pb、Hg的挥发,有利于Cr、Cu从熔渣中分离出来,与生铁形成合金.对熔渣的浸出毒性测试结果表明,重金属元素的浸出毒性均可达标(GB5085.3-1996).