土壤添加亚砷酸钠对大豆生长和植株氮、磷、钾含量的影响

利用土壤盆栽实验,研究了0、5、10、30、50、100mg·kg^-1的土壤加砷水平对大豆生长和氮、磷、钾养分含量的影响.结果表明,当土壤加砷水平达到50mg·kg^-1时,大豆出现中毒症状,叶片皱缩,叶色变暗,叶缘焦枯,植株矮化,成熟延迟.大豆株高随加砷水平的提高而降低,并呈极显著的负指数相关关系.土壤加砷达到10...     

Bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China

A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium (Cd) in cole (Brassica campestris L.) and celery (Apium graveolens) grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction (F2) and Fe-Mn oxide fraction (F3). However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 (exchangeable fraction), F2 and F3 increased significantly (p < 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3). The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high concentrations. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-concentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cole and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.     

Seedling growth and metal accumulation of selected woody species in copper and lead/zinc mine tailings

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of selected woody plants for revegetation in copper (Cu) and lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailing areas. Five woody species (Amorpha fruticosa Linn, Vitex trifolia Linn: var. simplicifolia Cham, Glochidion puberum (Linn.) Hutch, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Styrax tonkinensis) and one herbaceous species (Sesbania cannabina Pers) were planted in Cu and Pb/Zn tailings to assess their growth, root morphology, nutrition uptake, metal accumulation, and translocation in plants. Amorpha fruticosa maintained normal growth, while the other species demonstrated stress related growth and root development. Sesbania cannabina showed the highest biomass among the plants, although it decreased by 30% in Cu tailings and 40% in Pb/Zn tailings. Calculated tolerance index (TI) values suggested that A. fruticosa, an N-fixing shrub, was the most tolerant species to both tailings (TI values 0.92–1.01), while S. cannabina had a moderate TI of 0.65–0.81 and B. papyrifera was the most sensitive species, especially to Pb/Zn tailings (TI values 0.15–0.19). Despite the high concentrations of heavy metals in the mine tailings and plants roots, only a small transfer of these elements to the aboveground parts of the woody plants was evident from the low translocation factor (TF) values. Among the woody plants, V. trifolia var. simplicifolia had the highest TF values for Zn (1.32), Cu (0.78), and Pb/Zn (0.78). The results suggested that A. fruticosa and S. cannabina, which have the highest tolerance and biomass production, respectively, demonstrated the potential for tailings revegetation in southern China.     

几种植物对水产养殖废水的修复效果

文章研究了凤眼莲、轮叶黑藻、香根草和水蕹菜四种水生植物在亚热带气候条件下净化水产养殖废水的效果,跟踪比较了一个月之内它们处理污水时,水体氮、磷、化学需氧量、pH值和溶解氧的变化,并对实验前后植物鲜重做了比较。结果表明:(1)4种植物均能强化水产养殖废水污染物的去除,但各有特点;(2)理论上凤眼莲和轮叶黑藻可在处理废水时相互搭配弥补不足,维持水体中性和较高的DO;(3)植物对废水经过2~3周的处理后,水质明显变好,而植物生长开始减退,应及时收割补种;(4)夏季用水生蕹菜处理废水,不仅改善了水质还能收菜创经济效益。研究结果为探索广东地区在构建人工湿地处理水产养殖废水时植物的选择提供了新的科学依据。     

数字

61．7％ 截A201O年12月底,这59条河流化学需氧量和氨氨平均浓度分别为23．7毫克／升和1．4毫克／升,比上年同期分别下降40.4％和61．7％。按常见鱼类能够稳定生存的技术参考指标（化学需氧量≤60毫克／升、氨氮≤6毫克／升）衡量,这些河流全部达到恢复鱼类生长的标准。     

铅镉胁迫下接种根际细菌和真菌对圆叶无心菜生长和铅镉累积的影响

铅镉胁迫条件下,采用盆栽试验．研究接种云南会泽铅锌矿区Cd超累积植物-圆叶无心菜的根际细菌和真菌,对圆叶无心菜的生长和铅镉累积的影响,结果表明：2株根际真菌（YQ2F-5和YG2F-6）显著增加盆栽圆叶无心菜地上部分的生长,1株根际真菌（YQ2F-5）显著增加盆栽圆叶无心菜的生物量。根际细菌对盆栽圆叶无心莱的生长和生物量没有影响。接种根际细菌和真菌对盆栽圆叶无心菜Pb和Cd的吸收累积没有影响。     

离子色谱法测定废气中硫酸雾的前处理方法的改进

摘要：根据HJ544—2009标准,废气中硫酸雾样品的前处理步骤为：加热浸出、经中速定量滤纸过滤、定容、过阳离子交换树脂柱、经0．45μm微孔滤膜抽滤。根据工作实践,可将前处理步骤简化为：加热浸出、经0．45μm微孔滤膜（已前处理）抽滤、定容、过阳离子交换树脂柱。实验结果表明,取消中速定量滤纸过滤这一步骤不会对硫酸根离子的测定产生影响;0．45μm微孔滤膜经前处理后可提高硫酸根离子的洗脱效率;过阳离子交换树脂枉和抽滤两个步骤互换不会对测定结果产生影响。     

菱形藻在污水中的生长及其净化能力

研究了菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)在不同浓度污水中的生长及其对不同形态氮磷的去除情况。结果表明:(1)菱形藻在不同浓度污水中均可以生长,但比生长速率存在显著差异,其中在50%、80%污水环境与基础培养(f/2)环境中生长较快,比生长速率为5.9～8.5,不存在差异;(2)不同浓度污水培养菱形藻后N、P养分均有一定的去除,总磷(TP)和NO3-N利用率均在60%以上,NO2-N、总氮(TN)、NH4-N的利用率分别在40%、70%、90%以上,表明菱形藻有较强的净化水源的能力;(3)污水培养后菱形藻的营养成分含量均高于纯海水培养的,其中80%污水环境下藻细胞叶绿素、胞外多糖(EPS)、胞内多糖(IPS)、蛋白质和总脂肪含量最高,分别占干重的3.5%、2%、4%、1.5%和14.5%。     

基于不同本构模型黄河厚冲积层基坑开挖结构变形分析北大核心CSCD

采用理论分析结合现场实测数据,以黄河厚冲积层地质条件下某深大基坑开挖为实例,利用修正剑桥、西原正夫及改进的西原正夫等5种本构模型,通过FLAC仿真软件构建3D数值模型,分析基坑开挖引起的围护桩变形规律、墙后土体沉降变化特征、坑底土体上移趋势及抗浮桩侧摩阻力分布特点。结果表明:西原正夫本构模型可描述粘土体的蠕变变形,能准确追踪围护桩侧向位移;修正剑桥模型通过自动调整自身抗剪强度和弹性模量等参数,可给出墙后土体沉降的正确规律;摩尔库伦模型拟合得到的坑底土体上移曲线与现场实测数据较吻合;在改进的西原正夫及修正剑桥模型下,计算得到的抗浮桩侧摩阻力最为保守。上述规律可供预测基坑后续运营期间的结构变形、延长结构的服役年限参考。     

微生物在土壤中迁移物化参数的确定

以甲基叔丁基醚高效降解菌Chryseobacterium sp.A-3为研究对象,对污染场地生物修复中微生物在土壤中迁移的重要相关物化参数做了详细的描述和实验研究,包括土壤物性参数以及微生物在土壤中的吸附等温参数、吸附动力学、有效扩散系数和生长项系数.结果表明,微生物在土壤中的吸附等温线可与Freundlich方程很好地拟合,相关性达到99.5%,指数常数为1.1,该指数常数在统计上与1差别不大,因此可以用线性方程来描述平衡吸附过程.实验测得该菌在砂质壤土中的平衡吸附系数为0.98 mL/g.滞膜理论能够预测土壤中微生物的动力学吸附行为,同时也说明吸附过程是可逆的,得到土壤中微生物吸附的动力学参数,即可逆吸附常数为0.004 s-1,可逆解吸常数为0.002 s-1.膜池理论与分形理论分析得到微生物在土壤中的扩散系数为3.66×10-6 cm2/s,有效扩散系数为5.18×10-7cm2/s.通过对微生物降解甲基叔丁基醚过程进行拟合得到微生物的最大比增长速率为0.01 h-1,基质半饱和常数为134 mg/L以及细胞得率为0.33.本研究所提出的微生物在土壤中物化参数的确定方法可普遍应用于实验室和现场的微生物...