洱海湖滨带不同基底高程下菰出苗及生长特征

为研究洱海不同类型湖滨带菰(Zizania caduciflora)的出苗及生长的特征,在2010年3月和6月(菰的主要出苗和生长季节)调查洱海湖湾型和非湖湾型湖滨带不同基底高程上菰生物量、密度、植株叶片数、植株高度等的变化,分析洱海水位变化的影响.结果表明:随着湖滨带基底高程的降低,洱海湖滨带菰的密度、生物量、单株叶片数呈先增高后快速降低趋势,株高则呈增大后基本不变的趋势;从株密度及生物量看,随着3—6月洱海水位的降低,湖湾型和非湖湾型湖滨带菰生长的最适基底高程都随之下降,3月为1 964.85 m,6月为1 964.55 m,所对应的水深均为0.3 m.3月和6月湖湾型湖滨带能够出苗良好的基底高程比非湖湾型分别低了0.3和0.6 m;随着水位的下降,湖湾型湖滨带菰出苗良好的范围向水下延伸,但在非湖湾型湖滨带,出苗良好的最低高程几乎不变.湖湾型和非湖湾型湖滨带菰出苗和生长的差异显示出其影响因素不同,在湖湾型湖滨带,水深动态变化是主要影响因子,而在非湖湾型湖滨带,风浪作用和水深动态变化存在共同作用.     

温度对空心菜生长的影响

通过设置4个温度梯度的生活污水实验,研究了温度变化对空心菜增长、分枝、生根及生物量变化等的影响。结果表明空心菜在较高温度条件下生长旺盛,培养15 d后,35℃培养条件下的空心菜增长10 cm,极显著高于另外3个温度培养条件下的植株增长(P<0.01);新生根21条,显著高于25℃培养条件时的空心菜新生根数量(P<0.05),极显著高于15℃和5℃条件下的空心菜新生根数量(P<0.01)。培养15 d后,5℃培养条件下空心菜的生物量最低,显著低于其在15℃和25℃培养条件下的生物量(P<0.05),极显著低于其在35℃培养条件下的生物量(P<0.01)。实验结果为空心菜在浮床系统中的植物选择和应用提供了参考依据。     

Remediation of nutrient-rich waters using the terrestrial plant, Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.

Effective control of eutrophication is generally established through the reduction of nutrient loading into waterways and water bodies. An economically viable and ecologically sustainable approach to nutrient pollution control could involve the integration of retention ponds, wetlands and greenways into water management systems. Plants not only play an invaluable role in the assimilation and removal of nutrients, but they also support fauna richness and can be aesthetically pleasing. Pandanus amaryllifolius, a tropical terrestrial plant, was found to establish well in hydrophytic conditions and was highly effective in remediating high nutrient levels in an aquatic environment showing 100% removal of NO~-N up to 200 mg/L in 14 days. Phosphate uptake by the plant was less efficient with 64% of the PO4-P removed at the maximum concentration of 100 mg/L at the end of 6 weeks. With its high NO~-N and PO43--P removal efficiency, P. amaryllifolius depleted the nutrient-rich media and markedly contained the natural colonization of algae. The impediment of algal growth led to improvements in the water quality with significant decreases in turbidity, pH and electrical conductivity. In addition, the plants did not show stress symptoms when grown in high nutrient levels as shown by the changes in their biomass, total soluble proteins and chlorophyll accumulation as well as photochemical efficiency. Thus, P. amaryUifolius is a potential candidate for the mitigation of nutrient pollution in phytoremediation systems in the tropics as the plant requires low maintenance, is tolerant to the natural variability of weather conditions and fluctuating hydro-periods, and exhibit good nutrient removal capabilities.     

Experimental study using the dilution incubation method to assess water biostability

Water biostability is of particular concern to water supply as a major limiting factor for heterotrophic bacterial growth in water distribution systems. This study focused on bacterial growth dynamics in the series dilution of water samples with TOC（total organic carbon） values determined beforehand. The results showed that the specific growth rate of Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 varied dramatically and irregularly with TOC value when TOC concentrations were low enough during the initial periods of incubation under given conditions. According to this relationship between bacterial growth rate and TOC, a dilution incubation method was designed for the study of water biostability. With the method under a given condition, a turning-point TOC value was found at a relatively fixed point in the curve between bacterial growth rate and TOC of water sample, and the variation of growth rate had different characteristics below the turning-point TOC value relative to that over this value. A turning-point TOC value similarly existed in all experiments not only with tap water, but also with acetate and mixed solutions. And in the dilution incubation method study, the affections were analyzed by condition factors such as inoculum amount,incubation time and nature of the organic carbon source. In very low organic carbon water environments, the variation characteristics of bacterial growth rate will be useful to further understand the meaning of water biostability.     

N、P、Fe、Mn对微小亚历山大藻生长及产毒的影响

本文采用L9(34)正交实验分析了NaNO3-N、KH2PO4-P、FeCl3-Fe和MnCl2-Mn对微小亚历山大藻生长及其麻痹性贝毒产生的影响。结果表明,当培养基中N、P、Fe和Mn含量分别为1 764μmol/L,123.6μmol/L,20μmol/L和2.7μmol/L时,显著促进亚历山大藻的生长。当上述4种因子含量分别为1764μmol/L,123.6μmol/L,30μmol/L和1.8μmol/L时,单位体积的产毒量最高,最高为5.31μmol/L。当4种因子含量分别为2 646μmol/L,123.6μmol/L,30μmol/L和1.8μmol/L时,单位细胞的产毒量最高,最高为190 fmol/cell。     

常见生态植物在不同水深中生长适应性分析

为洱海流域生态湿地合理选取物种,本实验选取罗时江生态湿地苗圃基地12种挺水植物,研究其在不同水位条件的成活率及生长状况。实验结果表明纸莎草、千屈菜、水芹耐干湿交替和浅水生境;茭白、香蒲和慈姑耐深水生境;酸模叶蓼有较宽的水位耐受范围。     

湖泊基质客土改良的环境效应:对芦苇生长及光合荧光特性的影响

湖泊底质对根着水生植物生长发育有重要的影响,通过滨岸底质植生性改良、重建水生植被被认为是污染湖泊生态修复的重要手段.本研究模拟5种客土厚度对芦苇生长和叶绿素荧光参数的影响,结果表明,覆盖5 cm处理芦苇总生物量、株高、叶长和叶宽显著大于覆盖18 cm处理(P0.01),实验第120 d,地下/地上部生物量和细根/地下部生物量显著大于其他处理(P0.05).表明覆盖18 cm显著抑制芦苇生长,但对照组富营养底质可能对芦苇生长造成轻微胁迫,随覆盖厚度增大,显著降低芦苇的地下部/地上部生物量比值,芦苇优先生长地下部,特别是细根的生物量,以便从底质中吸收更多养分供植物生长.不同处理芦苇F_v/F_m、Yield、q P和q N变化差异不显著(P0.05),覆盖厚度越大,芦苇光合结构PSⅡ更易受到损坏,主要是通过较高的热耗散、降低叶片光合面积与叶片捕光色素含量来维持光合结构PSⅡ保持正常.就客土改良对芦苇生长与叶绿素荧光参数总体影响而言,覆盖2 cm和5 cm能有效改善基质Eh和营养条件,促进植物生长,其中覆盖2 cm处理能有效地提高芦苇光合利用效率(α)、相对电子传递速率(ETRmax)和半饱和光强(E_k),覆盖18 cm使得芦苇对冬季的低光抑制有更强的适应能力.     

西藏羌多地区早-中二叠世生物地层特征

本文在西藏羌多地区羌多幅1:25万区域地质调查基础之上,对分布于羌多地区的早-中二叠世生物地层进行了详细的研究和划分,厘定了该区早-中二叠世岩石地层单元,建立了3个腕足类化石组合和4个蜒类化石组合带,为西藏二叠系地层的研究与划分提供了重要依据。     

水足迹与虚拟水

水足迹,其科学完整的概念最早由荷兰学者阿尔杰恩·胡克斯特拉提出的。它是指一个国家、一个地区或个人在一定时间内消费的所有产品和服务所需要的水资源总量,形象地说,就是水在生产和消费过程中的足迹。它包括“国家水足迹”和“个人水足迹”两部分。个人水足迹计算是一个人用于生产和消费的总量,将所有产品和服务加上虚拟水含量计算在一起,用公升来衡量。国家水足迹计算方法就复杂一些,它等于使用国内的水资源（包括使用于一、二、三产业及家庭生活的河水、湖水、地下水以及供农作物生长的雨水）减去虚拟水的出口总量,加上进口的虚拟水总量之和。     

基于生态环境现状监测的非生长季节植被监测因子筛选——以元上都遗址周边环境监测调查为例

本文以元上都申遗项目环境监测调查为例,在植物凋落生态学原理的基础上,筛选出适合评价非生长季节生态环境现状的植被监测因子;为加快区域生态环境现状监测调查与评价的进展奠定了基础。