林丹短期暴露对斑马鱼生长发育和繁殖的影响

以斑马鱼为受试生物,研究在低浓度(0.005、0.05、0.5峭μg·L-1)林丹暴露条件下,林丹对斑马鱼体长、体质量、肝脏指数、性腺指数、产卵量和受精率的影响.结果显示,经14 d暴露后,处理组斑马鱼体长和体质量与空白对照组或溶剂对照组之间差异不显著;与空白对照组和溶剂对照组相比,0.5μg·L-1处理组雄性和雌性斑马鱼肝脏指数均显著增加(P＜0.05),雄性斑马鱼性腺指数显著降低(P＜0.05),其他处理组无明显变化;林丹对斑马鱼产卵量和受精率表现出明显的抑制作用,与空白对照组相比,0.05和0.5μg·L-1处理组斑马鱼平均产卵量和受精率均极显著降低(P＜0.01).该研究表明林丹具有环境内分泌干扰物特性,在低浓度暴露条件下可对斑马鱼的生长发育和繁殖产生一定抑制影响.     

罗江县水库土坝汶川大地震震害调查与分析

5· 12汶川8.0级大地震对德阳市罗江县的水库造成了不同程度的破坏,经济损失严重,若水库出现溃坝现象,将会带来更大的损失.对罗江县19座高危以上险情水库的土坝震害进行了调查研究,发现典型的震害现象包括裂缝、渗漏、防浪墙损坏以及泄水建筑物和附属设施的损毁等.根据水库土坝的震前病害调查资料可以看出:水库土坝在地震前多是带...     

Organic matter produced by algae and cyanobacteria: Quantitative and qualitative characterization

This work aims at characterizing organic matter produced by an alga Euglena gracilis and a cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and assessing the evolution of its characteristics during growth. A culture medium was optimized. The species growth phases were monitored using both visible spectrophotometry and flow cytometry cell counting. Organic matter fractionation according to hydrophobicity and specific UV absorbance (SUVA) index were used to specifically characterize the produced algal organic matter (AOM). The AOM characteristics were both growth phase and species dependent. However, a similar evolution was observed. The hydrophilic fraction (HPI) was the major fraction whatever the growth phases and was almost the only one produced during lag and exponential phases. It represented around 75% of AOM during exponential phase and then decreased when the stationary phase appeared. It represented 46% and 60% of the AOM during late decline phase for the cyanobacteria and the alga respectively. The hydrophobic (HPO) and transphilic (TPH) fractions started to appear from the beginning of the stationary phase with more hydrophobic compounds coming from intracellular organic material of dying cells. HPO and TPH percentages still increased during the decline phase probably because of two additional processes: photo-dissolution and leaching of particulate organic matter from cells fragments. A comparison of AOM during late decline phase and natural organic matter (NOM) from Glane River (France) underlined that AOM was more hydrophilic and presented a lower SUVA for each fractions than NOM. However, the difference between NOM and AOM hydrophobicity narrowed during decline phase.     

活性无烟煤滤池对消毒副产物前体物的去除特性

以东江下游季节性污染原水为对象,研究了活性无烟煤生物过滤工艺及其与混凝沉淀组合工艺对消毒副产物前体物的去除特性。建立了液相色谱—串联质谱技术分析水中9种卤乙酸同时定量检测方法,9种卤乙酸检测限为0.016².3μg/L,空白加标回收率为90.52.3μg/L,空白加标回收率为90.5¹09.8%,相对标准偏差为3.12109.8%,相对标准偏差为3.12⁹.04%。实验结果表明,活性无烟煤滤池生物过滤对消毒副产物前体物的去除效果显著,对三卤甲烷、卤乙酸和水合三氯乙醛前体物的去除率分别为40.2%、39.2%和34%,其中三氯甲烷、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸前体物的去除率分别是48.2%、41.1%和38.0%,而传统石英砂滤池对应的去除率则为-10.0%9.04%。实验结果表明,活性无烟煤滤池生物过滤对消毒副产物前体物的去除效果显著,对三卤甲烷、卤乙酸和水合三氯乙醛前体物的去除率分别为40.2%、39.2%和34%,其中三氯甲烷、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸前体物的去除率分别是48.2%、41.1%和38.0%,而传统石英砂滤池对应的去除率则为-10.0%³.6%。活性无烟煤生物滤池对二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸前体物降解效果相当,而混凝沉淀的则对前者去除效果较三氯乙酸前体物更为显著。     

海洋微藻对游离氨基酸的利用特性研究

分别以4种游离氨基酸——丙氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸为唯一氮源,采用实验室一次性培养的方法,研究典型赤潮藻——东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)、球形棕囊藻(Phaeoecystis globosa)和米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)及常见种类中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的生长特性、光合特征及对氨基酸的吸收动力学特征,以无机氮源硝氮、氨氮作为对照.研究结果表明,在无菌条件下,东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻可以利用多种游离氨基酸快速生长,而米氏凯伦藻和中肋骨条藻在以游离氨基酸为唯一氮源条件下不能维持生长.东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻在丙氨酸中的生长速率最高,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸次之,甘氨酸最低.氨基酸处理组的Fv/Fm值在培养后期降幅小、降速慢,且高于无机氮处理组.东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻对丙氨酸的最大吸收速率和半饱和常数分别为3.32、0.41pmol·cell-1·h-1和6.99和20.54pmol·L-1.因此,海洋微藻对游离氨基酸的吸收利用具有显著的种间差异,东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻具有更广的氮营养生态位,在近海有机污染不断加剧的背景下,更容易形成优势甚至暴发赤潮.     

来信照登

虚心倾听读者意见,及时解决污染投诉。与读者互动,一同记录成长。珠海金湾区三灶镇的梁先生给本刊写来投拆信,反映该云路制冷设备公司没有任何排污设施,每天都从窗户里排放出大量的浓烟,给周边公司员工的工作和健康带来极大的危害。附近居民曾多次向有     

附着生长废水稳定塘(AGWSP)的性能

本论述了AGWSP在净化污水中的作用,着重阐述了它去除有机物、氨氮及重金属的性能,并指出AGWSP是一种有着广泛应用前景的低耗、节能、效果较佳的污水处理技术。     

测定多泥沙环境水样中砷的样品前处理

测定多泥沙环境水样中砷时,样品可用离心、过滤或静置澄清等方法去除泥沙,但不能摇匀,更不能因水样“浑浊”而消解,还研究了泥沙对砷的吸附作用。