生态—地质环境承载力评价指标体系的探讨

生态—地质环境承载力评价是承载力研究的新课题,目前国内外都鲜见这方面的理论与实践研究案例。建立较为实用、具有一定普遍意义的生态-地质环境承载力评价指标体系则是生态-地质环境承载力科学评价的前提。本文以地球系统科学、生态学为理论依据,在环境承载力研究的基础上讨论了生态-地质环境承载力的概念、内涵,分析了生态-地质环境承载力的影响因素。以城市为研究背景,探讨了生态-地质环境评价指标体系的基本构成,建立了生态-地质环境承载力综合剩余率模型。该模型更科学地度量了区域人类活动与生态地质环境系统间的关系,为区域的可持续发展提供了理论依据。     

聚合物基复合材料老化性能研究进展

分析了湿热老化、化学侵蚀和大气老化对复合材料的作用机理及对其力学性能的影响,阐述了上述环境作用下的聚合物基复合材料腐蚀寿命预测模型,提出了存在的主要问题及今后的发展趋势。认为材料腐蚀机理的细节、环境因素之间的交互作用、不同方法和装置之间的相关性是今后的研究重点。     

Prolonged manganese exposure induces severe deficits in lifespan, development and reproduction possibly by altering oxidative stress response in Caenorhabditis elegans

We examined the possible multiple defects induced by acute and prolonged exposure to high levels of manganese (Mn) solution by monitoring the endpoints of lifespan,development,reproduction,and stress response.Our data suggest that acute exposure (6 h) to Mn did not cause severe defects of life span,development,and reproduction.Similarly,no significant defects could be found for the life span,development,and reproduction in animals exposed to a low concentration of Mn (2.5 μmol/L) for 48 h.In contrast,prolonged exposure (48-h) to high concentrations of Mn (75 and 200 μmol/L) resulted in significant defects of life span,development,and reproduction,as well as the increase of the percentage of population with hsp-16.2::gfp expression indicating the obvious induction of stress responses in exposed animals.Moreover,prolonged exposure (48-h) to high concentrations (75 and 200 μmol/L) of Mn decreased the expression levels of antioxidant genes of sod-1,sod-2,sod-3,and sod-4 compared to control.Therefore,prolonged exposure to high concentrations of Mn will induce the severe defects of life span,development,and reproduction in nematodes possibly by affecting the stress response and expression of antioxidant genes in Caenorhabditis elegans.     

超声波处理污泥厌氧消化中试研究

研究了厌氧消化工艺启动及其影响因素,并在厌氧消化稳定的情况下,对比不同投配率下,投加超声波处理剩余污泥和原泥的产气量,分析超声波处理对厌氧消化的作用效果,并分析了不同超声波污泥投配率对产气量的影响.同时试验亦研究了稳定条件下对照组和试验组NH3-N的变化情况.     

剩余污泥为燃料的微生物燃料电池产电特性研究

利用厌氧污泥作为接种体在不加入任何营养元素的条件下,经过20　d成功地启动了单室无膜微生物燃料电池.启动成功后对剩余污泥作为燃料产电特性以及底物的变化进行了研究.结果表明,微生物燃料电池产生的最大电压为495　mV(外电阻为1 000　Ω),最大功率密度达到44 mW·m^-2,稳定期间内阻约为300　Ω.在1个运行周期中,污泥SS和VSS的去除率分别为27.3%和28.7%,pH值的变化范围为6.5～8.0, COD的起始浓度为617 mg·L^-1,浓度随时间的增加而增大并稳定在1 150 mg·L^-1左右,随后逐渐下降,糖的起始浓度为47 mg·L^-1,逐渐增大到60 mg·L^-1之后浓度逐渐下降.微生物燃料电池可以将剩余污泥中的化学能转化为最清洁的电能,为污泥资源化提供了新的思路.     

Confirmation of combinational effects of calcium with other metals in a paper recycling mill effluent on nematode lifespan with toxicity identification evaluation method

We used toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) method to confirm the combinational e ects of identified toxic metals in a paper recycling mill e uent in inducing the decreased lifespan in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure to Ca + Al caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Al; and exposure to Ca + Fe induced more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Fe. Exposure to Ca+Al+Fe caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Ca+Fe. Moreover, the baseline toxicity on lifespan was doubled by doubling the concentration of combined metals (Ca+Al+Fe) in spiking test in original e uent (oe), and lifespan defects in oe+Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematodes were more severe than that in Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematode. Therefore, Ca+Al+Fe exposure may largely explain the formation of decreased lifespan induced by the examined industrial e uent. Furthermore, the observed reduction of lifespan induced by the combination of high level of Ca with other metals may be at least partially independent of the insulin-like pathway.     

WorldView-2高分辨卫星发射成功

WorldView-2卫星具有7．25年的设计寿命,在770千米高轨道上运行,WorldView-2系统将带来商业地区成像领域最高的镜头转向敏捷性、采集能力、几何精度、多光谱波段。     

污水处理剩余污泥可用于治沙育林

伴随着全球经济一体化的发展,环境治理和保护工程也胡之增多,要求也越来越高。近几年我国一系列环境水系治理方针的出台,促成了城镇、企业污水处理厂的快速崛起,每一座污水处理厂处理污水都会产生大量的污泥,每处理1万吨污水出泥量平均约为8米3,污泥处理费用高、处置难,已经成为困扰环境工程建设和污水处理厂发展的一大难题,现行对污泥的处理方法主要是焚烧、土地回用、填埋和投海。这样不仅处理费用高,而且还存在二次污染问题,因此,如何开发利用污泥,     

小城镇环境承载力案例研究

本文从人口、自然资源、生态环境和社会经济状况等方面构建指标体系,共选取指标39境承裁力相时剩余率,结果表明,在这期间,铜山县的综合环境承载力整体处于超载状态,随着环境治理投入的加大,综合环境承载力呈上升趋势,环境状况逐渐好转.