书讯

<正>张殿印、王海涛主编的《袋式除尘器管理指南—安装、运行与维护》,由机械工业出版社于2013年11月出版,全国新华书店和机械工业出版社官网发行。该书是专门介绍袋式除尘器安装、运行与维护的管理技术书。全书约75万字,共分为8章,分别介绍袋式除尘器的分类、性能、选择,袋式除尘器安装准备、安装流程,安装方法与验收,袋式除尘器调整试验、运行操作、维护保养、故障排除和袋式除尘系统运行管理。本书内容全面,资     

火电厂石灰软化水质混凝澄清工艺对比分析

石灰软化处理是目前火电厂循环冷却水处理应用最为广泛的一种方式。针对石灰软化处理的两种不同混凝澄清工艺进行对比分析,分析显示,高效澄清池比机械加速澄清池具有处理效果优、占地小、投资省、运行成本低、管理简便等优势。     

磁絮凝处理染整废水的中试研究

针对染整废水进行磁絮凝的中试研究,将磁粉加载于混凝澄清池,该技术是在接触絮凝加速澄清技术基础上提出的一种应用絮凝形态学理论的新型高效固液分离技术。中试试验经过半年的调试和运行,浊度等水质数据明显优于普通的砂滤出水水质。处理后的出水水质为pH=6~9,COD≤200 mg/L,浊度≤10NTU,色度≤200倍。     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

Acute and chronic toxic effects of Pb2+ on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis：Morphological changes and responses of the antioxidant system

Perinereis aibuhitensis was used to assess adverse biological effects caused by acute and chronic Pb2＋exposure in artificial seawater under controlled laboratory conditions. In 96-hr acute toxicity experiments,the morphological changes showed a positive time/dose-dependent tendency,and the 96-hr LC50 value of Pb2＋was 686.41 mg/L. The responses of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tissues including catalase（CAT）,peroxidase（POD）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）,malondialdehyde（MDA） and the content of total soluble protein（TSP）,were investigated on days 1,4,7 and 10 after Pb2＋exposure under chronic toxicity testing. Results showed that the activation of the antioxidant system in P. aibuhitensis depended on the Pb2＋concentration and the duration of exposure time.Specifically,POD and SOD activities were induced on the first day of the exposure and decreased to the control level on day 10 after exposure. Therefore,these two indexes could be used to indicate oxidative stress associated with P. aibuhitensis exposure to Pb2＋.     

欢迎订阅《工业水处理》杂志

正《工业水处理》杂志于1981年创刊,是经国家科委和国家新闻出版署批准,由中海油天津化工研究设计院主办的专业性科技刊物。专门报道国内外循环冷却水、锅炉水、工艺用水及工业废水的水处理技术动态、科研成果、实践经验及科学管理等内容,设有专论与综述、试验研究、分析与监测、经验交流、工程实例、油气田水处理、科学管理等栏目。涵盖领域广阔、内容丰富严谨、信息反应快捷,是反映当代水处理技术面貌的权威性杂志,深受水处理工作者的喜爱。适于从事工业水处理领域科研、设计、生产、教学等工作的单位及个人订阅。     

磷化氢的释放对提高生活污水除磷效果的试验研究

传统的污水除磷工艺通过排除剩余污泥或化学污泥达到除磷的目的,而磷化氢气体的发现,为污水除磷提供了新的途径。以磷化氢气体的形式将污水中的总磷排出系统,不仅能减少剩余污泥的排放,还能将磷化氢气体收集起来加以回收利用,可同时解决水体富营养化和磷资源匮乏的矛盾。本文首先总结了影响磷化氢气体产生的因素,并通过正交试验对密封的一体化生活污水反应器的工艺参数进行了优化,得出在铁投加量为100g、不进行预曝气时反应器收集到的磷化氢气体最多;然后通过研究磷化氢气体产生与污水总磷去除率的关系,得出提高磷化氢的释放速率将有助于提高生活污水的除磷效率;最后通过对正交试验前后系统中各种形态的磷进行物料衡算,分析了系统中磷的迁移转化途径。     

城市应急重气扩散模型在JU2003扩散试验中的模拟验证

发展了一个能够考虑昼夜大气稳定度差异的城市应急重气扩散模型——SLAB_URBAN模型,利用该模型对美国Oklahoma City Joint Urban 2003(JU2003)城市扩散试验进行了模拟,主要关注下风方向不同观测距离的Cmaxu/Q值,并将模型模拟出的Cmaxu/Q值与JU2003试验观测的Cmaxu/Q值进行了对比验证。结果表明:SLAB_URBAN模型能够模拟出昼夜不同稳定度条件下城市重气扩散在下风方向浓度的分布状况;SLAB_URBAN模型的统计误差分析显示其模拟结果与观测值较一致;此外,从应急反应和安全角度考虑,SLAB_URBAN模型也符合实际工作的需求。     

氟化铵制备氟化钙最优条件研究

试验采用氟化铵与石灰石粉、石灰乳反应制取氟化钙,研究了反应温度、物料浓度、物料过量系数等各主要参数变化对氟化钙结晶、过滤速度、氟收率及其含量的影响,摸索出最优反应条件。     

基于数值模拟的滑带土蠕变特性研究

选取黄土坡临江Ⅱ号崩滑堆积体上TP4平硐内的滑带土进行了室内三轴蠕变试验,选择Burgers蠕变方程对参数进行辩识,并利用FLAC 3D对室内三轴蠕变试验进行了数值模拟,在此基础上对滑带土的蠕变特性及其长期强度进行了研究。结果表明:滑带土的流变性较强;数值模拟试验结果与室内三轴蠕变试验结果具有很好的相似性;利用数值模拟试验结果可以获取滑带土分别加载下的等时曲线,最后可得到滑带土的长期强度参数(即内聚力c∞为21.2kPa、内摩擦角φ∞为18.56°),这为进一步研究滑坡的长期稳定性奠定了基础。