Changes in heavy metal contents in animal feeds and manures in an intensive animal production region of China

The 360 feed and manure samples were collected from 150 animal farms in Jiangsu Province, China and analyzed for heavy metals. Concentrations of Zn and Cu in animal feeds were 15.9-2041.8 and undetected-392.1 mg/kg respectively, while Hg, As, Pb, Cd, and Cr in all feeds were below 10 mg/kg. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cr in animal manures were 8.4-1726, 39.5-11379, and 1.0-1602 mg/kg respectively, while As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were 〈 10 mg/kg. The concentration of Cu, Zn, As and Cr in animal feed and manure were positively correlated （p 〈 0.001）, but the Cd, Hg, and Pb were not statistically correlated between the feed and the manure. Concentrations of Cu and Zn were highest in pig feed and manure, followed by poultry and dairy feeds and manures. During 1990- 2008, Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Cd contents increased by 771%, 410%, 420%, 220%, and 63% in pig manure, 212%, 95%, 200%, 791%, and -63% in dairy manure, and 181%, 197%, 1500%, 261, and 196% in poultry manure. Most of the increases occurred from 2002 to 2008, which reflects the extensive use of feed additives after 2002. In contrast, Pb and Hg in manures continuously decreased from 1990 to 2008. The results suggest that the heavy metal contents in animal manure have been greatly increased over 18 years and the contribution of manures to soil should be considered.     

Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in eight mollusc species along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India

Eight mollusc species and sediment samples collected from three different stations along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India were analysed for the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons to elucidate the status of the petroleum residues in mollusc meant for human consumption. The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments along Tamilnadu coast varied from 5.04–25.5 g/g dw (dry weight). High concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment of Uppanar estuary (25.5 1.45 g/g dw) was perhaps land and marine based anthropogenic sources of this region. The petroleum hydrocarbon residues in eight mollusc species collected from Uppanar, Vellar and Coleroon estuaries varied between 2.44–6.04 g/g ww (wet weight). Although the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment of the Uppanar region was markedly higher than the background, the petroleum hydrocarbon residues in mollusc collected from Uppanar estuary did not suggest bioaccumulation. The results signified that industrial growth has affected the aquatic environments and regular monitoring will help to adopt stringent pollution control measures for better management of the aquatic region.     

[美食]与动物福利

说到“美食与环保”,人们自然会想到健康食品、无公害食品、绿色食品、自然食品、有机食品之类的标签,脑子里浮现出“土鸡（广东称走地鸡）”、“柴鸡蛋”等鲜活的形象。没污染、低农药残留甚至不施用农药、用农家肥而不是化肥,散养而非圈养等是其获得以上标签的要件。似乎关注环保,食品自然美味。     

城市特定生境下土壤动物的生态分布

通过对2002年9月至2003年3月间上海3种生境类型下土壤动物的调查,共捕获土壤动物3863个,属27个类群,其中绿地中的类群数和个体数多于农田和废弃地。农田中的优势类群为弹尾类(collembola)和蚯蚓类(Oligchaeta);废弃地中的优势类群为线虫类(Nematoda)、双翅类幼虫(Diptera(L))、螨类(Acarina)和弹尾类(Collembola);绿地中的优势类群为线蚓类(Enchytraeidae)和弹尾类(Collembola)。绿地中的优势类群为农田和绿地中的Simpson,优势度指数除12月外均高于废弃地,与Pielou均匀性指数相反,但Shannon-Wiener多样性指数规律不明显。土壤动物的数量和种类在10月份最多,随天气转冷而减少,绿地和废弃地中土壤动物个体数于次年3月份逐渐增多,农田中的于次年1月逐渐增多。表聚性显著,Ⅰ层(0～5cm)最多,Ⅱ(5～10cm)、Ⅲ(10～15cm)两层差异不大。     

大型底栖动物对长江口潮滩沉积物-水界面无机氮交换的影响

基于实验模拟,通过对比分析潮滩无机氮长短期通量交换、循环规律及沉积物中无机氮的剖面特征在有/无底栖动物活动背景下的差异,探讨了双壳类底栖动物河蚬对长江口潮滩沉积物-水界面无机氮交换的影响及其机制.研究发现:潮滩无机氮界面交换中,河蚬的钻穴活动能增加向上覆水方向氨氮和硝氮的通量值;河蚬长期栖息对界面的生物扰动和代谢物排放能促进氨氮向上覆水的释放并逐渐加强沉积物氧化层中的硝化活动;界面附近河蚬的扰动和喷灌活动改变了沉积物中无机氮的垂直剖面特征,加速了沉积物中有机质的矿化分解和两相界面间氨氮的离子交换,促进沉积物氮库向滨岸水体的释放输出.     

抚慰心灵的伴侣动物

时至今日,仿佛3.11日本大地震和海啸的余声还在振荡,在生命的脆弱与消逝面前,人们往往产生无限的感慨和伤痛。在有关日本地震的报道中,仔细看去就会发现,许多对当地群众境况的拍摄画面里很多都有一个默默陪伴在他们身边     

东海毛颚动物多样性指数H'的分布

根据1997～2000年在东海(27°～32°N,128°E以西)的大型浮游动物垂直拖网调查结果,对陆架区毛颚动物多样性指数分布现状进行分析和探讨.结果表明海区多样性指数以冬季最高,夏秋季次之,夏季第三,春季最低;平面分布格局大致呈近海向外海、北部向南部递增的趋势;多样性指数主要取决东海暖水、黑潮和东海沿岸水的消长,反映了不同季节群落结构时空分布的动态变化过程.     

藏羚羊遭遇神回复

央视一档节目在采访＂保护藏羚羊＂时,路人又现奇葩回答。一位女士回答说＂前两天有人去四川旅游,拍过照片回来,发现藏羚羊白色的,挺稀有的,挺贵的＂,而且＂满地都是藏羚羊吧＂。而另一位大爷则说,藏羚羊＂能上山＂,＂看它们饿了就给它点什么,渴了就给点水,别让它在危险地方待着,再就没什么好办法了。＂     

加拿大的动物福利制度

This paper makes an analysis on the animal wefare system and takes emphasis on the anmal welfare system of Canda and the resaon Canda takes this system Also.the paper evaluates the resaonableness of this system and wants to give the examples of the tegislation of animal welfare system in our country.