CuO-Ru/Al2O3 催化臭氧化降解苯乙酮的研究

采用浸渍法制备了以活性Al2O3为载体的双组分催化剂CuO-Ru/Al2O3,利用该催化剂催化臭氧化降解了苯乙酮.结果表明,贵金属钌掺杂能显著提高CuO/Al2O3催化臭氧化苯乙酮的降解效率,如在相同条件下处理30 min后,单独臭氧氧化、CuO/Al2O3/O3和CuO-Ru/Al2O3/O3对苯乙酮水溶液的COD去除率分别为6.3%、20.0%和54.0%.pH对CuO-Ru/Al2O3催化臭氧化降解苯乙酮的效率并没有影响,但与单独臭氧化相比,该催化臭氧化体系更适合在中性或酸性条件下应用.CuO-Ru/Al2O3对水中臭氧有较好的催化分解活性,臭氧分解的速率常数达2.58×10-3s-1,高于二次水中臭氧的分解速率常数1.19×10-3s-1.叔丁醇的试验结果表明,CuO-Ru/Al2O3/O3降解苯乙酮反应遵循羟基自由基(.OH)反应机制.     

醇类助溶剂去除砂土中多氯联苯作用机制

醇类助溶剂单一使用及复配表面活性剂使用去除砂土中多氯联苯(PCBs)的关键是增溶和降低界面张力.通过降低界面张力实验和振荡增溶实验分析了醇类助溶剂单一使用对多氯联苯界面张力的降低作用和增溶作用,以及醇类复配Triton X-100使用时醇对Triton X-100降低界面张力和增溶PCBs的影响.结果表明,醇-PCBs油的界面张力与醇浓度、醇含碳原子数均呈负相关,甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇的最佳解吸浓度分别为70%、55%、40%,最佳解吸效率达90%以上;Triton X-100-PCBs油界面张力与Triton X-100浓度呈负相关,Triton X-100浓度低于3 000 mg/L时复配10%乙醇、10%异丙醇比单一Triton X-100振荡洗脱效率低,Triton X-100浓度在3 000～7 500 mg/L时3组差异不大,Triton X-100浓度为10 000 mg/L时单一、10%乙醇、10%异丙醇TritonX-100溶液解吸效率分别为80.9%、90.36%、89.36%.表明醇类单一使用对降低界面张力与增溶均有很好的效果,但需要其体积分数达40%以上;醇类复配Triton X-100时醇的存在弱化了Triton X-100增溶和降低界面张力的作用,乙醇与异丙醇弱化作用差异性不大,当Triton X-100浓度高于3 000 mg/L时,弱化作用不显著.     

Unregulated emissions from a diesel engine equipped with vanadium-based urea-SCR catalyst

The present work is aimed at the study of number-size distribution of particles,volatile organic compounds(VOCs),and carbonyl compounds(CC) or carbonyls emitted from a 4-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine equipped with a vanadium-based urea selective catalytic reduction catalyst.The engine was run on an electric dynamometer in accordance with the European steady-state cycle.Pollutants were analyzed using an electric low pressure impactor,a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer,and a high performance liquid chromatography system for the number-size distribution of particles,VOCs,and CC emissions,respectively.Experimental results revealed that total number of particles were decreased,and their number-size distributions were moved from smaller sizes to larger sizes in the presence of the catalyst.The VOCs were greatly reduced downstream of the catalyst.There was a strong correlation between the conversion of styrene and ethyl benzene.The conversion rate of benzene increased with increase of catalyst temperature.Formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,acrolein and acetone were significantly reduced,resulting in a remarkable abatement in carbonyls with the use of the vanadium-based urea-SCR system.     

Photocatalytic energy storage ability of TiO2-WO3 composite prepared by wet-chemical technique

TiO2-WO3 hybrid photocatalysts were prepared using wet-chemical technique, and their energy storage performance was characterized by electrochemical galvanostatic method. TiO2 powder was coupled with WO3 powder, which was used as electron pool and the reductive energy could be stored in. As a result, the prepared TiO2-WO3 had good energy storage ability while pure TiO2 showed no capacity and pure WO3 showed quite low performance. The energy storage ability was affected by the crystal structure of WO3 and ca...     

曾凡一 音乐是最好的科学催化剂

她出生在一个科学家家庭,受父母影响,很小就参加了遗传病研究组,深入农村山区帮助普查血红蛋白病：四岁半开始学习钢琴,五岁登台演出,大学里主修的是生物学兼修音乐,曾在上海和华盛顿举行过多场个人演唱会;她领导的科研团队向世界首次证明了iPS细胞的全能性,令人刮目相看;她刚刚在第三世界妇女科学组织第四届大会上,获首届第三世界妇女科学组织女青年科学家奖,是国内唯一的一位获奖者。     

选择性催化氧化脱除煤气中硫化氢的研究

该文采用浸渍法研制了活性成分含量为3%4、%、5%的V2O5/Al2O3催化剂,采用选择性催化氧化法对H2S的脱除进行了研究。试验结果表明：当温度范围为60℃～180℃时,温度越高H2S的去除效率越高;当温度高于220℃时,温度越高SO2的生成量越大;活性成分含量越高,催化效果越好,H2S的去除率最高可达95.45%;气体的停留时间越长催化效果更好,且温度越低此种效应更明显;相同温度时,氧硫比越高催化剂选择性越差;相同氧硫比时,温度越高催化剂的选择性越差。同时,催化剂的X射线衍射分析以及催化剂的焙烧试验结果表明：三种不同活性浓度的催化剂均可促使H2S催化氧化为单质S。     

Al2O3负载Cu2O-臭氧催化氧化芴酮生产废水

以Al2O3负载Cu2O为催化剂,研究芴酮废水在臭氧条件下的氧化降解反应,为芴酮废水的治理提供一种新的处理方法。研究表明,Al2O3负载Cu2O的催化剂加速了臭氧氧化反应,使芴酮废水的氧化降解加快。影响芴酮废水氧化降解的主要因素有臭氧流量、废水的pH值、催化剂用量以及反应器的高度等。加大臭氧流量及增加催化剂用量,均有利于芴酮废水的降解。处理3 L芴酮废水时适宜的反应条件：臭氧流量为25 mg/h,催化剂用量为20 g,反应器的高度H为1 600 mm,废水初始pH为11。在该条件下1.75 h,废水的脱色率为91.2%,COD去除率为90.5%。     

负载型纳米金催化剂对室内空气中甲醛的去除

采用沉积-沉淀法(deposition precipitation,简称DP法)和共沉淀法(coprecipitation,简称 CP法)制备了负载型纳米金催化荆Au/Fe2O3,催化剂中金含量(质量分数)小于1%.并以甲醛完全氧化反应作为研究的目标反应.这个反应可以有效地去除室内空气中的有害成分甲醛.通过催化活性的测试和XRD、TEM、TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,两种方法制备的催化剂有各自的优势和特点,其中DP法制备的催化剂金含量(质量分数)只有0.67%的情况下,经过条件优化,甲醛完全转化温度为80℃,是一个较好的结果;而CP法制备的样品有较好的抗热性,可能有利于催化剂的使用寿命.因此,本工作为该类催化剂实用化提供了有价值的信息和依据.     

Photocatalytic performance of TiO2 catalysts modified by H3PW12O40, ZrO2 and CeO2

The binary composite photo-catalysts CeO2/TiO2, ZrO2/TiO2 and the ternary composite photo-catalysts H3PW12O40-CeO2/TiO2,H2PW12O40-ZrO2/TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalyfic elimination of methanol was used as model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts under ultraviolet light irradiation. The effects of doped content, activation temperature, time, initial concentration of methanol and gas flow rate on the catalytic activity were investigated. The results showed that after doping a certain amount of CeO2 and ZrO2, crystaniTation process of TiO2 was restrained, particles of catalysts are smaller and more uniform. Doping ZrO2 not only significantly improved the catalytic activity, but also increased thermal stability. Doping H3PW12O40 also enhanced the catalytic activity. The catalytic activities of binary and ternary composite photocatalysts were significantly higher than tin-doped TiO2. The dynamics law of photocatalytic reaction over the binary CeO2/TiO2 and ZrO2/TiO2 catalysts has been studied. The activation energy 15.627 and 15.631 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factors 0.5176 and 0.9899 s-1 over each corresponding catalyst were obtained. This reaction accords to the first order dynamics law.     

科学检修确保本质安全

大检修是石化企业难免要遇上的硬仗。扬子石化乙二醇装置大修中更换催化剂在过去是件令人生畏的工作,该公司媒体曾作过这样的报道：炎热的夏天里,包裹得严严实实的作业人员钻进密不透风的反应器里,在粉尘弥漫中人工“捅”下旧催化剂,真是艰苦异常。报道将此作为不辞辛苦奋战大修的典型,尽管这样干实际上是不利于安全环保的。今年大修,扬子媒体上却不见了这样的报道,原来这项工作变得轻松了。该公司引进荷兰一家公司的先进技术,采用机器更换催化剂,人不用进入反应器,机器自动操作,