桑沟湾表层沉积物性质及对磷的吸附特征

通过研究桑沟湾表层沉积物对磷的吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线,并结合沉积物的表面电荷性质及磷的形态分析,考察了沉积物对磷的吸附性能和吸附机制.结果表明,桑沟湾表层沉积物对磷的吸附过程包括快吸附过程和慢吸附过程,可用快慢二段一级动力学方程描述,等温线符合Langmuir交叉式模型.夏季沉积物样品的最大吸附量高于春季样品,粒级较小的沉积物吸附能力较强.沉积物样品对磷的最大吸附量Qm在0.047 1~0.123 0 mg·g-1之间,吸附/解吸平衡磷浓度(EPC0)范围在0.059 6~0.192 7 mg·L-1,沉积物充当"磷源"的作用.不同站位表层沉积物中无机磷(IP)是磷在沉积物中的主要赋存形态,吸附后的沉积物样品中弱吸附态磷(Ex-P)、铁结合态磷(Fe-P)明显增加.吸附过程包括物理吸附和化学吸附,以物理吸附为主.     

博斯腾湖西岸表流人工湿地水体脱盐效果研究

针对博斯腾湖日益严重的盐污染问题,以博斯腾湖西岸表面流人工湿地为研究对象,引当地排渠水进入人工湿地,对人工湿地的进水和出水进行连续7个月的水质监测,对比分析进水和出水中8种离子(Ca~(2+)、Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-)和矿化度的变化,结果表明:人工湿地进水含盐量较高,8种离子的浓度和矿化度波动较大,4月和10月进水为微咸水,5—9月进水为咸水,而出水含盐量相对较低,8种离子的浓度和矿化度波动较小,各月出水均为微咸水。经计算分析可知,人工湿地对水体总盐的平均去除率为51%,水体盐分的去除率与温度呈正相关,且随季节性温度变化而发生变化。     

氯化磁性凹土树脂的制备与表征研究

利用表面负载的方法将有机化磁性凹土与苯乙烯、二乙烯苯等制备磁性凹土树脂;对磁性凹土树脂进行氯甲基化改性,制备出氯化磁性凹土树脂.表征了样品的形貌、结构以及表面积,研究了树脂对天然有机物(腐殖酸)的吸附性能.结果表明:氯化后的磁性凹土树脂的比表面积是原有的1.9倍,对附腐殖酸的饱和吸附能力也从原有的41.84 mg/g提高到了51.02 mg/g,这表明改性后的树脂增强了其对腐殖酸的去除能力.     

典型表面涂装行业VOCs排放规律和治理技术研究

典型表面涂装行业作为产生挥发性有机物主要行业之一,是目前需要进行治理的重点对象。本文通过对天津市几类典型表面涂装行业的喷涂工艺、原辅材料、治理技术进行的实地调查,对他们的排放方式进行规律研究,得出典型表面涂装行业推荐性治理技术成果。     

Effect of transition metal doping under reducing calcination atmosphere on photocatalytic property of TiO2 immobilized on SiO2 beads

TiO₂ immobilized on SiO₂ (TiO₂/SiO₂) have been prepared by sol-gel method and various ions of transition metals (Cr³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) were doped on the photocatalyst using wet impregnation method under reducing calcination atmosphere. The photocatalytic activity of metal doped TiO₂/SiO₂ towards phenol degradation under black light irradiation were investigated and compared with undoped TiO₂/SiO₂. The results showed that the photoresponse of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂ were larger than undoped TiO₂/SiO₂, indicating that the photogenerated carriers were separated more efficiently in Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂. The reactivity was in the order of Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Co²⁺. The different photoreactivity was ascribed to combine effect of the different ionic radii and photocorrison tendency of the dopants. The sample was also characterized by surface analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micrograph/electron dispersive X-ray analyzer and UV-Vis absorption spectrum.     

基于ImageJ评价泥炭岩心存储对色相与彩度的影响

利用ImageJ软件对2008年在红原泥炭地开展钻探时的泥炭岩心照片和2009年分样时的岩心照片进行表面色彩分析.对比分析发现,存储以前和存储以后泥炭岩心的表面色彩发生改变,表现在样品存储后基于RGB色彩体系的三元色值和灰度值均有降低(变暗),且各色值变化幅度降低.就各色值在剖面上的变化特征而言,样品存储前和存储后的变...     

酿酒酵母吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的表面特性研究

为深入探讨酿酒酵母吸附Pb（Ⅱ）的微观作用机制,本文利用表面显微分析技术（SEM-EDS、TEM-EDS、AFM）研究了酿酒酵母细胞吸附重金属离子Pb（Ⅱ）前后的细胞表面变化.研究结果表明,酿酒酵母细胞与Pb（Ⅱ）作用后,细胞表面除吸附Pb（Ⅱ）外,同时产生大量更高浓度的含Pb（Ⅱ）沉淀,导致Pb（Ⅱ）从溶液中被去除.酵母与Pb（Ⅱ）反应前,酵母细胞表面可检测到的主要元素包括C、O、N、P、S、K、Mg;酵母与Pb（Ⅱ）作用后,细胞表面始终保持C、O、P吸收峰,而N、K、Mg、S吸收峰随反应条件不同而减弱、消失或增强.P作为细胞表面组分可能与Pb（Ⅱ）结合.酵母与Pb（Ⅱ）作用过程中,重金属离子促进酵母细胞释放细胞内含物.原子力显微镜（AFM）证实,云母片表面对酵母吸附Pb（Ⅱ）后细胞的铺展变形作用明显增大.     

电袋复合除尘技术在燃煤电厂中的应用

电袋复合式除尘技术综合了电除尘和布袋除尘的收尘优点,通过除尘负荷的合理分配,实现了电除尘和布袋除尘的有机结合;采用基于表面过滤原理的新型滤料,可克服常规滤料清灰后除尘效率降低及滤袋易破损等缺点。电袋复合式除尘器在徐州坝山环保热电有限公司的应用实践表明,电袋复合式除尘器可保持高效稳定除尘同时节能,粉尘排放浓度达到了30 ...     

Adsorptive property of Cu^2＋-loaded montmorillonite clays for Escherichia coli K_（88） in vitro

The Cu²⁺-loaded montmorillonite clays (MMT-Cu) may be a good material for the adsorbed and eliminated pathogenic bacteria from aqueous solution.     

Reversibly enhanced aqueous solubilization of volatile organic compounds using a redox-reversible surfactant

Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soils and groundwater. To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions. The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group, (ferrocenylmethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (Fcl2) and (ferrocenylmethyl)tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide (Fcl4), above and below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) under reducing (I⁺) and oxidative (I²⁺) conditions. The CMC values of Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114. The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows: ethylbenzene > toluene > benzene. The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I⁺ were 30% higher than those in I²⁺ at comparable surfactant concentrations. The effects of Fcl4 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows: benzene > toluene > ethylbenzene. However, an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations. Furthermore, the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants, which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology.