植物油厂废水处理技术与实践

通过国内某植物油厂废水处理工程实例表明,废水按高低浓度分流处理,采取隔油—厌氧消化—化学混凝—耗氧生化处理工艺,能稳定达到国家要求的排放标准,同时降低工程投资和运行费用。     

Fenton试剂催化氧化--混凝法处理焦化废水的实验研究

用Fenton试剂结合自制聚硅硫酸铝对焦化废水进行了催化氧化—混凝试验研究 ,选择了最佳的工作条件。结果表明 ,经氧化—混凝处理后废水的COD从 1 1 73mg/L降至 38.2mg/L ,去除率达 96 .7%。研究中还发现 ,Fenton试剂具有将废水的 pH值调节为 2 .5～ 3的特性 ,为该工艺实际处理焦化废水提供了科学依据     

高校化学实验室安全评估研究探索

近年来,高校化学实验室火灾爆炸事故时有发生。本文针对北京某高校化学工程系实验室进行安全风险评估,在人员、设备、环境和管理等方面进行调查和分析,并根据风险等级提出响应的对策措施。     

聚吡咯/凯夫拉中空纤维复合纳滤膜的制备及其染料脱盐性能

以同质增强型凯夫拉(PPTA)中空纤维膜为基膜,吡咯(Py)和三氯化铁(FeCl₃)分别为反应单体和活化剂,采用化学气相沉积法制备了结构稳定、可控的聚吡咯(PPy)/PPTA中空纤维复合纳滤膜.采用FTIR、SEM、AFM、接触角测定仪以及固体表面Zeta电位仪对基膜和PPy/PPTA中空纤维复合纳滤膜的微观形貌、化学组成、亲水性、表面荷电性进行了表征.结果表明,经PPy气相沉积后,PPy/PPTA中空纤维复合纳滤膜表面形成具有图灵结构特征的分离层,并均匀覆盖膜表面.在0.6 MPa室温下,PPy/PPTA中空纤维复合纳滤膜具有较高的的脱盐性能,其顺序为R_Na2SO4 (93.59%)>RMgSO4(91.58%)>R_CaCl2(83.45%)> R_NaCl (54.04%),同时对带负电染料表现出较高的截留率(?98.82%).当运行温度从25℃升高到90℃时,PPy/PPTA中空纤维复合纳滤膜的水通量较明显增加,而截留率几乎保持稳定,表现出优异的热稳定性,为纳滤膜在更高运行温度...     

有机磷农药污染土壤降解修复研究进展

有机磷农药的大量生产和使用,导致其在土壤环境中累积,从而危害人类健康.通常,有机磷农药会在环境中发生光解、水解、生物降解等自然降解反应,但对于较高浓度的有机磷农药污染,其自然降解程度远远不足,无法在短时间内实现污染土壤的安全利用,因此发展了多种人工强化修复有机磷农药技术.本文在解析有机磷农药自然降解机理的基础上,综述了其主流的人工强化修复技术的原理与研究现状,并对未来研究方向提出建议,为有机磷农药降解人工强化技术的研究与工程应用提供技术支撑.     

基于专利申请分析的有机磷农药污染土壤修复技术研究进展

有机磷农药（organophosphorus pesticide,OPP）的生产量和使用量高,但回收率与利用率低,且毒性较强,土壤累积量大、污染面积大,已严重威胁人类健康与生态系统平衡,因此OPP污染土壤的修复是健康土壤行动的重要内容.以专利分析为切入点,分析我国2010-2021年OPP污染土壤修复相关申请专利,梳理该方面技术发展情况,综述生物、物理、化学主流技术修复OPP污染土壤现状.分析发现,专利时空分布、隶属分布等反映了该领域技术的现状与需求,利用磷酸水解酶、木霉属、假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属等微生物对OPP进行水解、共代谢的生物修复技术,应用生物刺激、化学氧化、光催化等化学修复技术,以及联合修复方法为当前OPP污染土壤的主流修复方法.现有修复技术受环境、修复材料与污染土壤的相互作用变化等影响,未来仍需进一步研究OPP在土壤-生物系统中的降解作用及其物理、化学、生物降解机理,明确OPP与其代谢产物的运输、扩散、转移途径;并将理论研究应用于实际修复工程,加大原位修复技术研发力度,根据污染场地环境、土著微生物、土壤污染程度选择合适的修复技术方案,以促进有机磷污染土壤修复行业的发展.（图...     

国外快速测定化学消油剂消油效果的几种方法

化学消油剂消油效果的现场评定方法必须满足适合现场操作、材料价廉易得、结果可靠准确等条件。对国外现有的现场快速测定消油剂效果的5种方法进行比较,结果表明,英国的佩内特鉴别法、挪威的菲勒溢出油检测装置和加拿大的梅蒂现场测定法存在一定的缺陷,不推荐使用。美国环保局的现场测定法(EPA FDET)简单、快速、准确。加拿大渥太华一家环境研究机构研制出的现场试验法比EPA FDET法耗时多,但原材料价格低廉,操作简单,结果可靠,值得推广应用。     

Succession of aquatic microbial communities as a result of the water quality variations in continuous water

The changes of structural and functional parameters of aquatic microbial communities in continuous water on campus of Tsinghua University, China are investigated by polyurethane foam unit(PFU) method. The measured compositions of the communities include alga, protozoa, and some metazoa (such as rotifers). The measured indicators of water quality include water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), potassium permanganate index(CODMn), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and chlorophyll- a(Chla). The trophic level, expressed by the trophic level indices(TL/c), is assessed with analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis (AHP-PCA) method. The changing trends of the structural and functional parameters of aquatic microbial communities, such as Margalef index of diversity(D), Shannon-weaver index of diversity (H), Heterotropy index (HI), number of species when the colonization gets equilibrium(Seq), colonizing speed constant(G) and time spent when 90 percent of Seq colonized in PFU ( T90% ), are also analyzed. The experimental results showed the succession of aquatic microbial communities along the water flow is consistent with the water quality changes, so the parameters of microbial community can reflect the changes of water quality from the ecological view.     

Management of process performance at low water temperatures in respect of filamentous organisms

The management of sludge-settling properties in Nordic conditions is of importance during the low temperature (spring) season because of the peak settler load. A survey was made in 10 Finnish waste water treatment plants(WWTP‘ s) and the total extended filament length and DSVI in haft of the plants exceeded the limits, which indicates sludge bulking( 15 km/g SS and 150 ml/g respectively). The dominant organism was Microthrix parvicella, the abundance of which was 59.22% of total extended filament length on average.Chemicals were tested to control the filaments, and it was found that special attention has to be paid to maintaining the nitrification at low temperature. A dosage of(H2O2-besed) oxidants controlled the growth of Microthrix parvicella effectively and rapidly, whereas with the use of aluminium hydroxidechloride a 2 to 5-week period was needed to decrease the filament length.     

UV-catalytic treatment of spent caustic from ethene plant with hydrogen peroxide and ozone oxidation

The performance of UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 oxidation systems for treating spent caustic from an ethylene plant was investigated, in UV/H2O2 system, with the increase of H202 dosage, removal efficiencies of COD and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) to chemical oxygen demand(COD) of the effluent were increased and a better performance was obtained than the H2O2 system alone. In UV/H2O2 system, removal efficiency of COD reach 68% under the optimum condition, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.52. In UV/O3 system, with the increase of O3 dosage, removal efficiency of COD and BOD/COD ratio were increased, and a better performance was obtained than the O3 system alone. Under the optimum condition, removal efficiency of COD was 54%, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.48. In UV/H2O2/O3 system, COD removal efficiency was found to be 22.0% higher than UV/O3 system.