Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in water by ozone-hydrogen peroxide process

IntroductionAt present, several types of organic pollutantsreferred to as environmental endocrine disruptors(ED) have been suggested to be associated withabnormal sexual development (Hu, 2000). It wasreported that the ED led to the decline of reproductive…     

Selective extraction and separation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in river surficial sediments

In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments （SSs）, a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials （OMs） in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl （0.1 mol/L） ＋ HNO3 （0.1 mol/L）, （NH4）2C2O4 （0.2 mol/L） ＋ H2C2O4 （pH 3.0）, and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.     

神农架大九湖湿地公园脊椎动物多样性概况

为了更好的了解和保护大九湖湿地环境和资源,在2016 ～ 2018年间对湿地动物多样性进行了12次野外调查,共记录到脊椎动物26目78科232种,其中鱼类2目2科12种,两栖类2目5科12种,爬行类1目6科14种,鸟类16目52科167种,兽类5目13科27种;其中东洋种有114种,古北种有69种,广布种有37种;以金雕(Aquila chrysaetos)、白尾海雕(Haliaeetus albicilla)和黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)等为代表的国家级、省级保护动物79种.基于Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数分析,多样性表现为鸟类＞兽类＞爬行类＞两栖类＞鱼类;均匀性表现为爬行类＞鸟类＞兽类＞两栖类＞鱼类.结果 表明大九湖湿地脊椎动物具有种类较多、多样性较高、国家级保护动物较多但种群密度低、优势种不明显、湿地鸟类较多、东洋界种占优势等特点,是湿地及林灌丛生态系统的重要生物类群.     

阊江上游河道整治底质粒径变化对鱼类群落多样性的影响

河床基质为溪流鱼类的重要栖息地.为研究溪流河道整治后基质组成变化对鱼类群落结构产生的影响及其作用机制,在阊江上游选取急流浅滩与缓流浅滩两种典型溪流生境,对比分析了两种生境河道整治前后鱼类群落结构的变化及其主要原因.结果表明,采集鱼类数量由河道整治前的24种降低至整治后的17种,但前后不存在显著性差异(P＞0.05);鱼类群落优势种由河道整治前的5种降低至整治后的3种.河道整治前鱼类群落的Shannon-Weiner指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别为1.623～2.253,0.715～0.866,1.680～3.109和0.652～0.813;整治后分别为 1.120～1.679,0.528～0.724,1.444～2.695和0.508～0.722.除春季和秋季整治后的Margalef指数高于整治前,其余各季节,河道整治前的多样性和均匀性指数均要高于整治后(P＜0.05).主要原因在于河道整治后河床基质粒径及粒径多样性降低、流态减少等使生境异质性降低.因此,建议在河道整治过程中避免选择性清除大粒径基质及裁弯取直等,以维持河床基质的多样性,从而防止或降低施工带来的不利影响.     

聚硅酸铝铁/羧基壳聚糖复合絮凝剂处理硫化黑染料废水的研究

用聚硅酸铝铁/羧基壳聚糖复合絮凝剂对硫化黑染料废水进行了处理,研究了影响絮凝剂处理硫化黑染料废水的影响因素。结果表明,较佳的条件为转速50 r/min、聚硅酸铝铁和羧基壳聚糖的质量配比为3、废水pH值为9.0、絮凝剂用量为60 mg/L。在该条件下,复合絮凝剂对硫化黑染料废水的COD、色度、浊度去除率分别为92.1%,88.6%,96.3%。     

石油污染土壤修复技术研究进展

研究高效、环保、低成本的石油污染土壤修复技术对石油开发场地修复具有重要的现实应用意义。从工艺和原理两个方面介绍和总结了焚烧法、洗涤法、气相抽提法、化学氧化法、微生物和植物法修复的研究现状及发展趋势。对上述工艺进行比较,总结出各类工艺的优缺点及使用范围。由于污染场地的地质结构、气候条件和污染程度等情况复杂,仅靠单一工艺很难达到预期目标,有必要对已有技术进行完善并开发组合土壤修复技术及设备,满足实际工程的需求。