Effect of manufacturing methods of AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst on selective catalytic reduction of NOx

The AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst has potential for use in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx. A compound hydrocarbon, following oxygenation is used as a type of reducing agent. In this experiment, the AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst was produced by four different methods, and the differences among their reduction catalysis of NOx were compared. Ethanol was used as a type of reducing agent. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to study the crystalline structure and scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were applied to determine the microindentation. The results indicated that, in the range of 350–400°C, there was no significant difference on the NOx reduction rate; however, there was dispersion at high and low temperature ranges. The size of the AgCl particles was about 20–100 nm.     

化学基本观念:内涵分析与教学建构

通过对国内外有关学科观念研究的梳理,我们对学科思想与学科观念、学科基本观念与大概念(big ideas)等术语进行了辨析,深入论述了化学基本观念的含义和内容体系,并进一步阐释化学基本观念是否可教以及实施观念建构的化学教学的意义。     

高中化学教学中学生问题意识的培养

任何一个科目的教学过程中,都要对学生进行问题意识的培养,要想把问题研究得更加深入,就要找到问题的关键点,进而快速地解决问题。所以,学生在学习的时候就要自己主动找到问题。怎样能够让学生在第一时间找到关键性的问题,则是教学的关键所在。     

铝合金化学氧化膜盐雾试验后腐蚀点评定方法研究

目的 制定飞机用2024铝合金表面阿洛丁1200S化学氧化膜盐雾试验后腐蚀点的评定依据.方法 通过开展铝合金化学氧化膜盐雾试验,分别利用目视、SEM微观、能谱分析和电化学阻抗测试等手段,表征盐雾试验后的腐蚀形貌及特征.结果 试验后样品表面出现的典型腐蚀特征尺寸大于或等于0.15 mm时,正常视力的检测人员均能目视可见....     

烟气脱硫溶液中硫酸根的去除

分别采用石灰乳化学沉淀法和低温结晶法去除烟气脱硫溶液中的SO42-。实验结果表明：在室温、CaO溶液质量分数25%的条件下,石灰乳化学沉淀法对SO42-的去除率仅为59.51%,且向溶液中引入了Ca2+,产生的硫酸钙固体废物难以再生利用;采用低温结晶法处理烟气脱硫溶液,在结晶温度7 ℃、结晶时间3 h、NaOH加入量34.8 g/L的条件下,SO42-的去除率为82.04%、滤液中的ρ（Na+）为3.88 g/L。在现场工业应用试验中,采用低温结晶法去除烟气脱硫溶液中的SO42-,平均SO42-的去除率可达70.00%以上,滤液中的ρ（Na+）小于15.00 g/L。该法可有效抑制烟气脱硫溶液中SO42-含量的增加。     

Integrated assessment of river health based on water quality, aquatic life and physical habitat

The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis (CA) for water quality indices, it revealed that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream. The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates. The result showed that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) were degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating. Physiochemical parameters, BOD5, CODCr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score. A comprehensive integrated assessing system of river ecological health was established. Based on the systimetic assesment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 “healthy” and “sub-healthy” sites and 8 “sub-sick” and “sick” sites.     

真空紫外活化亚硫酸盐在有氧条件下降解二甲双胍

以治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的基础药物——二甲双胍(MET)为研究对象,考察其在真空紫外(VUV)活化亚硫酸盐有氧(VUV/SO^2-₃/O₂)体系中的降解效果。通过淬灭试验,验证了反应体系中硫酸盐自由基(SO^-₄·)、羟基自由基(HO·)、水合电子(e^-_aq)和氢离子自由基(·H)活性物质的存在,同时考察VUV/SO^2-₃/O₂体系中pH、亚硫酸盐(SO^2-₃)浓度、光强、天然有机物(NOM)和常见无机离子对MET降解的影响。结果表明VUV/SO^2-₃/O₂体系对MET的降解效果明显优于VUV/O₂或SO^2-₃/O₂体系,在180 min内可降解91%的MET;MET降解率随pH的增大先...     

Fe掺杂Mn-Ce多孔催化剂低温脱硝性能及甲苯的影响机制

采用硬模板法制备了Fe掺杂Mn-Ce多孔催化剂,评价了催化剂低温NH₃-SCR性能及甲苯对低温NH₃-SCR性能的影响;并通过XRD、BET、SEM、HRTEM、H₂-TPR、NH₃-TPD、XPS和原位红外等对催化剂理化性质进行了表征.结果表明Fe掺杂Mn-Ce多孔催化剂具有优异的低温NH₃-SCR性能.高浓度甲苯抑制低温NH₃-SCR性能是因为甲苯的不完全氧化消耗催化剂表面的吸附氧.同时甲苯及其不完全氧化产物(主要为苯甲酸盐)不断覆盖催化剂表面的活性位点,与NH₃/NO_x的吸附和活化形成竞争关系,从而阻碍E-R和L-H机理.Fe的掺杂使得催化剂表面晶格氧浓度上升,并提高了晶格氧的迁移能力.当NH₃-SCR反应中存在甲苯时,通过Mn⁴⁺+Ce³⁺?Mn³⁺+Ce⁴⁺、Fe²⁺+Ce...     

定量构效关系(QSAR)在环境化学中的进展与方法

定量构效关系(QSAR)是化学品安全评价中有用的工具之一。本文叙述它的应用背景、基本原理、学科历史进展、概念模型、数学模型和算法,着重介绍作者开发的实用量子化学计算程序包,用以产生分子结构参数,所建立的化学物质毒性数据库可用来获取大量生物活性数据,还可用模式识别程序包构筑构效定量关系。本文对其研究前景也作了叙述。