南方雨季对LFG横向迁移影响的试验研究

就我国南方雨季对 Ｌ Ｆ Ｇ 横向迁移的影响问题进行了现场试验研究．研究结果表明，南方雨季对 Ｌ Ｆ Ｇ 横向迁移的影响十分明显．旱季时，土壤饱和度降低， Ｌ Ｆ Ｇ 迁移距离较大．雨季时，土壤饱和度提高， Ｌ Ｆ Ｇ 迁移距离大为缩短．如果在填埋场边界构筑渗沥液回灌系统，既可以对渗沥液进行回灌处理，又可以形成地下饱和土隔离带，是一种控制 Ｌ Ｆ Ｇ 横向迁移的有效辅助方法．     

Comprehensive health condition assessment on partial sewers in a southern Chinese city based on fuzzy mathematic methods

A self-developed sewer health assessment system using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytical hierarchy process was applied to give a comprehensive health condition evaluation on part of the local sewers in a southern Chinese city based on the sewer video data collected by a sewer inspection closed circuit television （CCTV） robot. Aside from the overall condition evaluation, the structure, function, and stability status of the sewer were also analyzed using the method. A comprehensive index H was proposed to give the overall health condition of pipes with different defects, and Ht, Hs, and If were used to quantify the defects affecting the tightness, stability, and function of the pipe, respectively. Results show that 48% of the inspected pipes were in good condition （0〈H〈0.25）, and about 33% of the sewer pipes analyzed were categorized to be at severe or urgent condition levels （H 〉 0.5）, although most of the pipes were installed only within five years. Frequent sedimentation affects the function of the sewer, and deformation and joint damage affect the structure of the sewer.     

Characterization of interaction between different adsorbents and copper by simulation experiments using sediment-extracted organic matter from Taihu Lake,China

The complex capacity of different types of organic matters （OMs） for Cu was quantitatively studied by simulation experiments using different adsorbents prepared from the sediment in Taihu Lake. The free Cu was measured with ion selective electrode （ISE） and complex capacity was calculated using a conditional formation constant model. The result indicated that the complex capacity was 0.048 mmol·g-1, 0.009 and 0.005 mmol.g-1for raw sediment, sediment without DOM, sediment without insoluble organic matters but with DOM and sediment without OM. Insoluble organic matter played a major role in the sorption of Cu in sediment and it can adsorb most Cu from water column. In the solution, Cu mainly existed as a complex with DOM and the DOM-Cu complexation capacity was 327.87 mg. g-1. The change of TOC and pH indicated ion-exchange in the interaction between free Cu and DOM. When the Cu concentration in the experiment reached the complex capacity of DOM, precipitation was the major mechanism to remove Cu from water phase, which was observed from UV absorbance change of DOM, that is, its aromaticity increased while molecular weight decreased. The desorption result indi- cated that DOM was more capable of desorbing Cu from adsorbents without OM than adsorbent with OM. The desorbed quantity with DOM was 1.65, 1.78 and 2.25 times higher than that with water for adsorbents without OM, raw adsorbents （sediment） and adsorbents without DOM.     

中国生物入侵现状及对策

生物入侵是当今世界三大难题之一,中国也是世界上遭受生物入侵危害最大的国家之一.入侵中国的生物主要是以陆生植物为主,源地以美洲为主.在地域分布上南方和东部地区比较严重.主要侵入途径是以人类活动影响为主,自然扩散比重比较小.生物入侵对我国造成的危害十分巨大,解决生物入侵的主要对策是加强立法,全民重视.     

2013年12月上旬江苏大范围持续性雾霾成因分析

利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,从污染实况、气象要素特征、环流背景、水汽条件、动热力条件等方面,对江苏2013年12月上旬持续雾霾天气成因进行分析,结果表明:(1)持续性雾霾天气发生时江苏大部分地区空气质量达到重度污染,首要污染物为PM2.5,大量的气溶胶粒子长时间悬浮于空中;(2)这段时间内影响江苏的冷空气势力较弱,中高层冷空气未能完全破坏底层相对稳定的层结,而近地层湿度较大且风速较小利于霾的发展,重度霾时相对湿度在80%以上,且风速多维持在3 m/s以下;(3)逆温层的长时间维持结使得大气中上下的湍流热量和动量交换减弱,不利于垂直上升运动的发生发展,进一步有利于将近地层的污染物和水汽粒子不断积聚,使得雾霾得以发生和长时间维持。     

南方灵芝子实体的化学成分

南方灵芝[Ganoderma australe(Fr.)Pat.,Bull.]为一种常见的生长在阔叶树枯立木、倒木和伐桩上的灵芝属真菌,具有很好的药用和保健价值.采用硅胶、凝胶柱色谱、反相ODS柱和高效液相色谱等方法从野生南方灵芝子实体的乙醇提取物中分离到14个化合物,结合核磁共振(1H-NMR,13C-NMR)、质谱(MS)、红外(IR)、紫外(UV)等波谱技术将其分别鉴定为灵芝烯酸G甲酯(Methyl ganoderenate G,1)、灵芝烯酸G(Ganoderenic acid G,2)、灵芝烯酸A(Ganoderenic acid A,3)、灵芝烯酸A甲酯(Methyl ganoderenate A,4)、灵芝烯酸D(Ganoderenic acid D,5)、灵芝烯酸F(Ganoderenic acid F,6)、灵芝酸AP(Ganoderic acid AP,7)、7β,23α-dihydroxy-3,11,15-trioxolanosta-8,20E(22)-dien-26-oic acid(8)、Elfvingic acid A(9)、3β,5α-dihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one(10)、对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzoic acid,11)、3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid,12)、油酸-α-单甘油酯(9-octadecenoic acid-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester,13)及谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,14).其中,化合物1为新化合物,化合物1-9为从南方灵芝中首次分离得到的羊毛甾烷型三萜化合物.     

味道影响梦境

德国曼海姆大学的Boric Stuch教授近日在美国耳鼻喉外科会议上报告了一项实验,证明气味可能影响人们在梦中的情绪。实验中选取了15名健康妇女,年龄在20～30岁之间。当她们进入快速眼动睡眠(即大部分人开始做梦)时,用嗅觉计在10 s之内向每个人鼻孔输入一股气味,同时监视其大脑活动。实验分三次进行,分别输入玫瑰香、鸡蛋臭和无味气体。     

工作面回采诱发多断层活化对地表建筑物的影响分析

为了研究工作面回采诱发多断层活化对附近村庄内民房的影响,结合杨河煤矿地质采矿条件及裴沟村的地理位置,通过现场调查民房破坏情况划分了建筑物的采动损坏等级,证明了利用岩层边界角计算由断层活化引起的采动影响范围的不合理性;分析村庄内的地表移动破坏特征确定了断层活化的事实;运用FLAC3D数值模拟揭示了断层活化地表移动变形的特点;综合以上研究,提出了由断层活化造成民房损害的鉴定方法。结果表明:多断层活化具有多米诺骨牌效应,工作面回采产生的破坏,在断层之间依次传递,扩大了开采沉降的范围,增加了受损民房的数目;断层活化的地表倾斜值并非随着远离采空区边界逐渐减小,而是先减小,后增大,造成部分民房破坏加剧;提出以地表移动破坏特征判断断层是否活化、数值模拟确定采动影响范围、民房损害等级划分确定民房受损数目的鉴定方法。     

不同煤矿噪声暴露时间对视觉认知影响研究

噪声是煤矿井下主要危害,对人体视觉系统的影响不容忽视。为了提高暴露在噪声环境中工人的视觉认知能力,进而减少人因事故的发生,针对视觉认知随噪声暴露时间的变化进行研究,利用Eye Link II眼动仪采集被试者的平均注视时间、平均眼跳幅度和眼跳次数3个眼动指标来衡量视觉认知能力随着综采工作面噪声暴露时间的变化。结果表明:1)噪声能够使视觉注意力下降,对视觉认知效率的影响不显著,对视觉辨识能力的影响较复杂;2)噪声在0~10 min和40~55 min时间段对视觉注意力影响较严重,在0~15 min和50~80 min时间段对视觉辨识能力影响较严重;3)被试者随时间变化出现视觉性疲劳后,噪声可轻微提高视觉认知效率和视觉辨识能力。     

浅谈机房监控系统对数据机房节能减排的帮助

针对目前机房动环监控系统对配电系统、空调系统、通信设备、优化布局管理利于数据机房节能减排的技术与措施进行介绍分析。数据机房能耗指标是衡量数据机房能效的量化标准,它可以反映出数据机房运行过程中的电能利用情况,也作为数据机房设计和运维改进的重要依据,也为不同数据机房之间能效比较提供依据。