印度芥菜对土壤中难溶态Cd的吸收及活化

通过根际袋法土培试验,研究了印度芥菜对石灰性土壤中难溶态Cd的吸收、活化和体内累积规律.结果表明,印度芥菜能活化、吸收石灰性土壤中的难溶态Cd,随着土壤中加入CdCO₃量的增加,印度芥菜地上部和根系中Cd含量显著增加.印度芥菜吸收的Cd 71%～82%累积在地上部;在土壤中加入难溶态Cd 5～40mg/kg条件下,印度芥菜对土壤的净化率为0.83%～1.25%.     

河南马沟洞石笋记录的早中全新世气候和环境变化

基于河南省禹州市马沟洞2支石笋(MG-1与MG-40)24个~(230)Th年龄和1988个氧同位素数据,建立了研究区13.1—4.9 ka BP分辨率为2—14 a的石笋氧同位素时间序列。马沟洞石笋δ~(18)O的时间序列揭示季风降水在11.2—9.1 ka BP时段在波动中逐渐增加,9.1—4.9 ka BP季风降水显著波动但无明显长期趋势变化。YD事件、9.3 ka事件、8.2 ka事件记录与其他石笋δ~(18)O记录的一致性揭示末次冰消期—早全新世百年—千年尺度气候突变事件的大范围存在和共同的驱动因子。马沟洞全新世大暖期的δ~(18)O记录中检测出的13个数十年尺度的弱季风事件进一步证实全新世大暖期气候的不稳定性。与大气⊿~(14)C记录、NGRIP冰芯δ~(18)O记录的对比及周期分析揭示,太阳活动引起的太阳辐射变化和北半球高纬气候状况共同影响着亚洲季风的变化,ENSO活动及气候系统内部的相互作用也对东亚夏季风降水产生重要的影响。     

印度石油公司石油转运站发生火灾

2004年6月3日,印度西孟加拉邦Burd-haman地区Rajbandh的印度石油公司的石油转运站的一台油罐遭到闪电袭击起火。48小时后火势被控制,其它储罐被隔离、冷却,并用水驱散蒸气,以减少临近储罐发生爆炸的可能性。大火70小时后被扑灭。临近数个村庄的大约1 000人被疏散。印度石油公司石油转运站发生火灾     

Elemental sulfur effects on Pb and Zn uptake by Indian mustard and winter wheat

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of elemental sulfur to contaminated soil on plant uptake by a heavy metal hyperaccumulator, Indian mustard( Brassica juncea ) and a field crop, winter wheat( Triticum. aestivum). Elemental sulfur(S) with different rates was carried out, they were 0(S0 ), 20(S20 ), 40(S40 ), 80(S80 ), and 160(S160 ) mmol/kg respectively. Extra pots with the same rates of S but without plants were used for soil sampling to monitor pH and CaCl2-extractable heavy metal changes. The results showed that S enhanced phytoextraction of Pb and Zn from contaminated soil. Application S effectively decreased soil pH down to 1.1 as the most at the rate of Sl60. The concentrations of CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn in soil and uptake of Pb and Zn by the plants were increased with soil pH decreased. A good correlation between CaCl2-extractable Pb/Zn and soil pH was found( Rpb^2 = 0.847 and RZn^2 = 0,991, n = 25). With S application, soil CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn concentrations, concentration of Pb and Zn in plants and the amount of removal by plant uptake were significanfly higher than those without S. Under the treatment of S160, the highest CaCl2-extmctable Pb and Zn were observed, they were 4.23 mg/kg and 0.40 mg/kg, 2.7 and 2.0 times as that of the control(So ) respectively. At the highest rates of S( Sl~0 ), both Indian mustard and winter wheat reached the highest uptake of Pb and Zn. The highest Pb concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 32.8 mg/kg and 537.0 mg/kg, all 1.8 times as that of the control, and the highest Zn concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 215.5 mg/kg and 404.0 mg/kg, 2.4 and 2.0 times as that of the control respectively. The highest removals of Pb and Zn from the contaminated soil were 0.41 rag/pot and 0.31 nag/pot by Indian mustard in the treatment of S160 through 50 days growth.     

Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in eight mollusc species along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India

Eight mollusc species and sediment samples collected from three different stations along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India were analysed for the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons to elucidate the status of the petroleum residues in mollusc meant for human consumption. The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments along Tamilnadu coast varied from 5.04–25.5 g/g dw (dry weight). High concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment of Uppanar estuary (25.5 1.45 g/g dw) was perhaps land and marine based anthropogenic sources of this region. The petroleum hydrocarbon residues in eight mollusc species collected from Uppanar, Vellar and Coleroon estuaries varied between 2.44–6.04 g/g ww (wet weight). Although the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment of the Uppanar region was markedly higher than the background, the petroleum hydrocarbon residues in mollusc collected from Uppanar estuary did not suggest bioaccumulation. The results signified that industrial growth has affected the aquatic environments and regular monitoring will help to adopt stringent pollution control measures for better management of the aquatic region.     

中国与印度典型城市道路街尘中多环芳烃与黑碳的对比研究

为探讨城市道路街尘中多环芳烃(PAHs)和黑碳(BC)的分布特征,2007年12月～2009年2月,分别在中国的北京、上海、广州和武汉以及印度的加尔各答采集了城市主干道的街尘.样品处理后分别用GC-MS和元素分析仪进行测定.结果表明,中国主要城市道路街尘中PAHs的含量范围为2.30～22.2μg.g-1,主要是以荧蒽、菲、芘、、苯并(b)荧蒽和苯并(ghi)苝为主要的多环芳烃化合物.印度加尔各答PAHs的含量范围为4.85～30.5μg.g-1,呈现出以2环的萘为主要的PAHs化合物.BC在中国主要城市道路街尘中的含量值高于印度的加尔各答,说明了2个国家可能的不同能源结构和能源消耗.相关分析表明,PAHs与BC在不同的城市显示出不同的特点,可能指示了不同的来源.特征比值法表明城市街尘中的PAHs主要来源于机动车排放,其次来源于燃煤.     

中国、印度和世界的新秩序

中国和印度几乎同时出现在世界舞台表明国际事务的架构发生了史无前例的变化.这两个占世界人口40%的巨人,其人口相当于位居其后的20个人口最多国家的人口总和.在十九和二十世纪,这两个巨人长期在主宰国际事务的欧洲、日本和美国的阴影之下沉睡.     

印度化学事故管理能力建设

提高的公众意识,便严的格法规和反应灵敏的司法体系,都是印度工业界正在改善其事故预防与准备能力的原因。目前特别需要恰如其分的培训与教育,由于心中想着此事,印度行政人员学院能源,环境与技术中心组织了一个关于化学事故管理的培训计划,以期提高化学工业中事故预防与准意识的发展这一方面的技术。介绍了该培训计划的具体目标,主要话题笔所出现的问题。     

印度危险废物产生清查：实例研究

为了确认主要危险废物产生者，和查明各种类型危险废物的数量，印度开始了一项关于产生危险废物的表查，本文介绍了印度地部工业化地区卡纳塔克邦几个不同区中这样一一项清 结果，这种信息将可用于编制卡纳塔克邦的危险废物管理计划。     

能源部门降低碳排放量的成本：中国,印度和巴西三国比较研究

中国、印度和巴西是三个最大的发展中国家，能源部门排放的碳是中国和印度排放的温室气体的主要部分。这种情况在巴西也日益明显。本文比较了这些国家能源部门碳排放的最低成本方案各方案的线性规划方案制定。除能源供级成本外，还分析了其它替代方案所需的外汇和资本投入。结果表明，提高能效是各国控制碳排放的一种节省成本的选择。巴西自然资源丰富，水力和生物质大大提高了降低发电和运输过程中ＣＯ２排放的潜力。同“现行趋势”