印度农村社会保障制度

世界银行在最近公布的关于印度经济状况的报告中指出,印度经济增长是符合穷人利益的经济增长,其重要原因在于印度联邦和各邦主体、地方政府,将三分之一的财政支出用于教育、医疗、救济等社会领域,从而建立和维持了一套完善的社会保障体系,其中重要的一项即是农村社会保障。     

西北典型地域云对地气系统的辐射强迫研究

采用NASA 地球观测系统(EOS)“云与地球辐射能量系统(CERES)”的云和辐射资料,研究了我国西北地区4 个典型地域2002 年7月至2004 年6 月云对地气系统辐射强迫的季节及年变化特征,探讨了云特性参量对云辐射强迫的影响.结果表明,云的辐射强迫具有显著的季节变化和地域变化.一般夏季云净辐射强迫最大,冬季最小,而塔克拉玛干沙漠最小值出现在秋季,夏季的季风影响区和塔克拉玛干沙漠区的云净辐射强迫相差达129W/m².云的短波辐射、长波辐射和净辐射年平均效应均在季风区最强,分别达-171.2,48.9,-122.3W/m²;在塔克拉玛干沙漠地区最弱,分别为-54.7,37.3,-17.4W/m².     

大风天村屯火灾预防及扑救对策

东北平原地区,是我国主要产粮区。耕地多,村屯星罗棋布,各家粮食、柴稞多,并且粮食柴稞堆集于房前屋后,加之农村建筑耐火等级低,很容易发生火烧连营的村屯重、特大火灾。特别是春秋两季风大,气候干燥,有时风力达7-8级左右,大风持续时间长,一场大风接一场大风,在大风条件下,村屯一旦发生火灾,会迅速蔓延,     

马德拉斯附近的马纳利—恩诺尔工业区：APELL／LAMP计划的实施

４年多来,以马德拉斯附近的马纳利－恩诺尔工业我中实施ＡＰＥＥＬ／ＬＡＭＰ计划所取得的经验,为进一步发展提供了一良好的基础,在ＡＰＥＬＬ方法的成功实施方面,特别重要的两步是１９９３年在国家安全理事会与世界环境中心之间签署一项为期４年的京解备记录,和建立一个国家顾问委员会, 利于计划成功的因素,遇到的和身心健康为止的一些成线。     

印度芥菜对土壤中难溶态Cd的吸收及活化

通过根际袋法土培试验,研究了印度芥菜对石灰性土壤中难溶态Cd的吸收、活化和体内累积规律.结果表明,印度芥菜能活化、吸收石灰性土壤中的难溶态Cd,随着土壤中加入CdCO₃量的增加,印度芥菜地上部和根系中Cd含量显著增加.印度芥菜吸收的Cd 71%～82%累积在地上部;在土壤中加入难溶态Cd 5～40mg/kg条件下,印度芥菜对土壤的净化率为0.83%～1.25%.     

印度石油公司石油转运站发生火灾

2004年6月3日,印度西孟加拉邦Burd-haman地区Rajbandh的印度石油公司的石油转运站的一台油罐遭到闪电袭击起火。48小时后火势被控制,其它储罐被隔离、冷却,并用水驱散蒸气,以减少临近储罐发生爆炸的可能性。大火70小时后被扑灭。临近数个村庄的大约1 000人被疏散。印度石油公司石油转运站发生火灾     

Elemental sulfur effects on Pb and Zn uptake by Indian mustard and winter wheat

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of elemental sulfur to contaminated soil on plant uptake by a heavy metal hyperaccumulator, Indian mustard( Brassica juncea ) and a field crop, winter wheat( Triticum. aestivum). Elemental sulfur(S) with different rates was carried out, they were 0(S0 ), 20(S20 ), 40(S40 ), 80(S80 ), and 160(S160 ) mmol/kg respectively. Extra pots with the same rates of S but without plants were used for soil sampling to monitor pH and CaCl2-extractable heavy metal changes. The results showed that S enhanced phytoextraction of Pb and Zn from contaminated soil. Application S effectively decreased soil pH down to 1.1 as the most at the rate of Sl60. The concentrations of CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn in soil and uptake of Pb and Zn by the plants were increased with soil pH decreased. A good correlation between CaCl2-extractable Pb/Zn and soil pH was found( Rpb^2 = 0.847 and RZn^2 = 0,991, n = 25). With S application, soil CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn concentrations, concentration of Pb and Zn in plants and the amount of removal by plant uptake were significanfly higher than those without S. Under the treatment of S160, the highest CaCl2-extmctable Pb and Zn were observed, they were 4.23 mg/kg and 0.40 mg/kg, 2.7 and 2.0 times as that of the control(So ) respectively. At the highest rates of S( Sl~0 ), both Indian mustard and winter wheat reached the highest uptake of Pb and Zn. The highest Pb concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 32.8 mg/kg and 537.0 mg/kg, all 1.8 times as that of the control, and the highest Zn concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 215.5 mg/kg and 404.0 mg/kg, 2.4 and 2.0 times as that of the control respectively. The highest removals of Pb and Zn from the contaminated soil were 0.41 rag/pot and 0.31 nag/pot by Indian mustard in the treatment of S160 through 50 days growth.     

Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in eight mollusc species along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India

Eight mollusc species and sediment samples collected from three different stations along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India were analysed for the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons to elucidate the status of the petroleum residues in mollusc meant for human consumption. The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments along Tamilnadu coast varied from 5.04–25.5 g/g dw (dry weight). High concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment of Uppanar estuary (25.5 1.45 g/g dw) was perhaps land and marine based anthropogenic sources of this region. The petroleum hydrocarbon residues in eight mollusc species collected from Uppanar, Vellar and Coleroon estuaries varied between 2.44–6.04 g/g ww (wet weight). Although the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment of the Uppanar region was markedly higher than the background, the petroleum hydrocarbon residues in mollusc collected from Uppanar estuary did not suggest bioaccumulation. The results signified that industrial growth has affected the aquatic environments and regular monitoring will help to adopt stringent pollution control measures for better management of the aquatic region.     

中国与印度典型城市道路街尘中多环芳烃与黑碳的对比研究

为探讨城市道路街尘中多环芳烃(PAHs)和黑碳(BC)的分布特征,2007年12月～2009年2月,分别在中国的北京、上海、广州和武汉以及印度的加尔各答采集了城市主干道的街尘.样品处理后分别用GC-MS和元素分析仪进行测定.结果表明,中国主要城市道路街尘中PAHs的含量范围为2.30～22.2μg.g-1,主要是以荧蒽、菲、芘、、苯并(b)荧蒽和苯并(ghi)苝为主要的多环芳烃化合物.印度加尔各答PAHs的含量范围为4.85～30.5μg.g-1,呈现出以2环的萘为主要的PAHs化合物.BC在中国主要城市道路街尘中的含量值高于印度的加尔各答,说明了2个国家可能的不同能源结构和能源消耗.相关分析表明,PAHs与BC在不同的城市显示出不同的特点,可能指示了不同的来源.特征比值法表明城市街尘中的PAHs主要来源于机动车排放,其次来源于燃煤.