O-NiCoP/Ni2P电催化还原2,4-二氯苯酚性能研究

针对电催化还原工艺处理氯酚类有机废水受到限制等问题,制备了过渡金属O-NiCoP/Ni₂P催化电极,并用于目标污染物2,4-二氯苯酚废水的电催化还原降解.同时,主要考察了2,4-二氯苯酚浓度、电流密度、电解质浓度、pH和温度等因素对O-NiCoP/Ni₂P催化电极降解效能的影响.结果表明,在2,4-二氯苯酚初始浓度为10 mg·L^-1,温度为25℃,溶液pH=7,Na₂SO₄电解质浓度为50 mmol·L^-1,电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2的条件下,O-NiCoP/Ni₂P电极催化降解180 min,对2,4-二氯苯酚去除率可达到72.2%.同时,催化电极循环使用10次,2,4-二氯苯酚的去除效率保持在72.1%~72.7%,表明电极具有良好的稳定性和实际应用的潜在价值.     

三维电极体系对SDBS模拟生活污水的电催化降解

采用三维电极体系对十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)模拟生活污水进行了降解。考察了分别以阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂改性高岭土为粒子电极的电催化氧化效果,并探讨了实验过程中吸附与电解的协同作用。实验证明阳离子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,CTAB)改性时降解效果最好。在CTAB浓度为0.2 g/L,粒子电极投加量为13 g,SDBS浓度为300 mg/L,不调节pH(pH=9),电流密度50 mA/cm2,Na2SO4投加量2 g时,SDBS去除率和COD去除率分别为92.31%和84.41%。同时还用环境扫描电镜和物理吸附仪对CTAB改性前后的高岭土粒子电极进行了结构表征。     

重金属Pb~(2+)与蛋白质多组份体系的结合反应机制研究

滴涂法制备壳聚糖修饰电极(Chitosan/Glassy Carbon Electrode,CTS/GCE),并通过循环伏安法和电化学交流阻抗法表征修饰电极;利用修饰电极研究Pb2+离子与血清蛋白质混合体系及单组分体系的结合反应机理,并进行分析比较。结果表明,CTS/GCE修饰电极测定Pb2+-蛋白质分子相互作用时显现良好的线性响应关系,利用建议的理论方程计算了Pb2+与蛋白质的结合参数;分析实验数据表明混合组分体系中蛋白质分子间也存在相互作用,从而影响Pb2+与单组分蛋白质分子相互作用,Pb2+与多组分蛋白质溶液体系的相互作用参数不等于Pb2+与单组分蛋白质分子相互作用参数之和;同时,文章提出了一个蛋白质-蛋白质分子相互作用的计算公式,以此定量衡量多组分蛋白质混合体系中蛋白质分子间的相互作用。研究结果可为研究重金属离子与蛋白质组的相互作用提供前期基础,并为蛋白质-蛋白质分子间相互作用研究提供新方法。     

A high activity of Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode in the electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution was investigated over Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode. The factors influencing the degradation rate, such as applied current density (2-40 mA/cm²), pH (3-11) and initial concentration (5-200 mg/L) were evaluated. The degradation of 2,4-DCP followed apparent pseudo first-order kinetics. The degradation ratio on Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode attained > 99.9% after 20 min of electrolysis at initial 5-200 mg/L concentrations at a constant current density of 30 mA/cm² with a 10 mmol/L sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) supporting electrolyte solution. The results showed that 2,4-DCP (100 mg/L) degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio achieved 99.9% and 92.8%, respectively, at the optimal conditions after 30 min electrolysis. Under this condition, the degradation rate constant (k) and the degradation half-life (t_1/2) were 0.21 min^-1 and (2.8±0.2) min, respectively. Mainly carboxylic acids (propanoic acid, maleic acid, propanedioic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid) were detected as intermediates. The energy efficiencies for 2,4-DCP degradation (5-200 mg/L) with Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode ranged from 0.672 to 1.602 g/kWh. The Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode with a high activity to rapid organic oxidation could be employed to degrade chlorophenols, particularly 2,4-DCP in wastewater.     

电极生物法强化A/O工艺反硝化及动力学研究

在模拟A/O工艺A池工况的条件下,研究了外加电压对反硝化的影响,分析了不同外加电压下TN、NO₃^--N及NO₂^--N浓度随时间的变化.结果表明,适当的外加电压可以大幅度提高反硝化速率,同时抑制NO₂^--N的积累,过高的外加电压会对反硝化产生抑制.本实验条件下,最佳外加电压为3.0V,此时TN和NO₃^--N降解速率分别提高了74%和20%.用单一底物Monod方程完成了TN降解的动力学分析并用matlab软件对方程进行了求解,模拟值与实验值吻合良好.分析外加电压与模型中参数的关系,得到TN降解动力学方程,模型计算值与实验值误差小于3mg/L.     

掺锑二氧化锡多孔钛阳极对苯酚的催化氧化

研究了掺锑二氧化锡多孔钛基阳极对苯酚的催化氧化,分析了溶液pH值、温度、苯酚初始浓度、盐含量及表观电流密度对苯酚降解效果的影响,并对苯酚的氧化降解历程及动力学特征进行了讨论,紫外分光光度法、高效液相色谱法（HPLC）及化学方法（COD）测试结果表明,苯酚的催化降解中间产物有对苯二酚、苯醌、丁烯二酸、草酸等,最终产物为二氧化碳．苯酚在掺锑二氧化锡多孔钛阳极上的降解动力学方程符合表观拟一级反应。     

复三维电极生物膜反应器脱除饮用水中的硝酸盐

研究了以无烟煤和以颗粒活性炭为介质的复三维电极电化学-生物膜反应器脱除饮用水中硝酸盐的工艺，该工艺将复三维电化学产氢与以氢气为电子供体的自养反硝化工艺结合起来.实验表明，两种介质的反应器在不加任何有机基质时都能有效地脱除水中的硝酸盐，并且两种反应器的最大电流效率分别达到204％和185％.在水力停留时间不小于2.1—2.5h时，反应器的脱硝率接近100％.在34℃、槽压4.97V时处理21.4mg(NO     

电催化还原脱毒预处理丙烯酸盐废水

丙烯酸盐生物降解性好,但毒性较高,为解决含丙烯酸盐废水难以进行高负荷厌氧生物处理的问题,采用电催化还原技术预处理高浓度丙烯酸盐废水,考察了初始ρ(丙烯酸盐)、电流、废水pH、温度、ρ(对甲基苯磺酸盐)等对丙烯酸盐转化的影响. 结果表明:初始ρ(丙烯酸盐)、废水pH、电流对丙烯酸盐电催化还原为丙酸盐的过程影响较大,而废水温度和ρ(对甲基苯磺酸盐)的影响较小. 当废水初始ρ(丙烯酸盐)由5.0 g/L升至20.0～60.0 g/L时,丙烯酸盐转化速率由30.1 g/(L·h)升至51.9～54.6 g/(L·h),能耗下降近50%;随着操作电流从0.25 A升至2.00 A,丙烯酸盐转化速率由9.5 g/(L·h)线性增至85.1 g/(L·h),电流效率略有降低,能耗由2.0 W·h/g增至5.2 W·h/g;pH由2升至4时,能耗由6.6 W·h/g降至3.4 W·h/g;废水温度在30~50 ℃范围内、ρ(对甲基苯磺酸盐)在0~8.0 g/L范围内时,对丙烯酸盐的转化影响较小. 研究显示,在优化工艺条件(电流为1.00 A、废水pH为5、温度为30 ℃)下,电催化还原处理实际丙烯酸丁酯废水,电流效率达90%以上.      

电解法水处理技术的研究进展

回顾了电解法水处理技术的发展,对其研究现状做了简要介绍,并指出今后电解法水处理的研究应该注意的几个问题。     

Oxidation behavior of ammonium in a 3-dimensional biofilm-electrode reactor

Excess nitrogenous compounds are detrimental to natural water systems and to human health. To completely realize autohy- drogenotrophic nitrogen removal, a novel 3-dimensional biofilm-electrode reactor was designed. Titanium was electroplated with ruthenium and used as the anode. Activated carbon fiber felt was used as the cathode. The reactor was separated into two chambers by a permeable membrane. The cathode chamber was filled with granular graphite and glass beads. The cathode and cathode chamber were inhabited with domesticated biofilm. In the absence of organic substances, a nitrogen removal efficiency of up to 91% was achieved at DO levels of 3.42 ± 0.37 mg/L when the applied current density was only 0.02 mA/cm^2. The oxidation of ammonium in biofilmelectrode reactors was also investigated. It was found that ammonium could be oxidized not only on the anode but also on particle electrodes in the cathode chamber of the biofilm-electrode reactor. Oxidation rates of ammonium and nitrogen removal efficiency were found to be affected by the electric current loading on the biofilm-electrode reactor. The kinetic model of ammonium at different electric currents was analyzed by a first-order reaction kinetics equation. The regression analysis implied that when the current density was less than 0.02 mA/cm^2, ammonium removal was positively correlated to the current density. However, when the current density was more than 0.02 mA/cm^2, the electric current became a limiting factor for the oxidation rate of ammonium and nitrogen removal efficiency.