A comparative study on the alternating mesophilic and thermophilic two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste

An alternating mesophilic and thermophilic two stage anaerobic digestion(AD) process was conducted. The temperature of the acidogenic(A) and methanogenic(M) reactors was controlled as follows: System 1(S1) mesophilic A-mesophilic M;(S2) mesophilic A-thermophilic M; and(S3)thermophilic A-mesophilic M. Initially, the AD reactor was acclimatized and inoculated with digester sludge. Food waste was added with the soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD) concentrations of41.4–47.0 g/L and volatile fatty acids of 2.0–3.2 g/L. Based on the results, the highest total chemical oxygen demand removal(86.6%) was recorded in S2 while S3 exhibited the highest SCOD removal(96.6%). Comparing S1 with S2, total solids removal increased by 0.5%; S3 on the other hand decreased by 0.1 % as compared to S1. However, volatile solids(VS) removal in S1, S2, and S3was 78.5%, 81.7%, and 79.2%, respectively. S2 also exhibited the highest CH4 content, yield, and production rate of 70.7%, 0.44 L CH4/g VSadded, and 1.23 L CH4/(L·day), respectively. Bacterial community structure revealed that the richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance of S2 were high except for the archaeal community. The terminal restriction fragments dendrogram also revealed that the microbial community of the acidogenic and methanogenic reactors in S2 was distinct. Therefore,S2 was the best among the systems for the operation of two-stage AD of food waste in terms of CH4production, nutrient removal, and microbial community structure.     

Anoxic gas recirculation system for fouling control in anoxic membrane reactor

Anoxic gas recirculation system was applied to control the membrane fouling in pilot-scale 4-stage anoxic membrane bioreactor(MBR). In the anaerobic-anoxic-anoxic-aerobic flow scheme,hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) membrane(0.2 μm, 7.2 m2/module) was submerged in the second anoxic zone. During 8 months operation, the average flux of the membrane was 21.3L/(m2·hr). Chemical cleaning of the membrane was conducted only once with sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite. Dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration in the second anoxic zone was maintained with an average of 0.19 ± 0.05 mg/L. Gas chromatography analysis showed that the headspace gas in the second anoxic reactor was mainly consisted of N2(93.0% ± 2.5%), O2(3.8% ± 0.6%), and CO2(3.0% ± 0.5%), where the saturation DO concentration in liquid phase was 1.57 mg/L. Atmospheric O2 content(20.5% ± 0.8%) was significantly reduced in the anoxic gas. The average pH in the reactor was 7.2 ± 0.4. As a result, the recirculation of the anoxic gas was successfully applied to control the membrane fouling in the anoxic MBR.     

ABR-MBR一体化工艺节能降耗措施优化研究

能耗高和膜污染是限制膜生物反应器(MBR)广泛应用的重要因素.为降低工艺运行能耗和延缓膜污染,以厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)-MBR工艺处理生活污水为例,对工艺结构和脱氮除磷运行条件进行优化.结果表明,通过优化ABR-MBR工艺结构,可降低43%的运行能耗,同时可保持较高的COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP去除效果,平均去除率分别为91%、85%、76%和86%.另外,添加颗粒填料可有效延缓膜污染,不过也改变了膜污染的形成过程,膜内部污染物含量显著增多,碳水化合物含量增加,而蛋白质含量减少,碳水化合物/蛋白质比明显增大.最终,增强了MBR反应器的实际应用性能.     

温度对厨余垃圾两相厌氧消化中水解和酸化过程的影响

实验考查了厨余垃圾在4个温度(25℃、37℃、40℃、50℃)条件下的水解率、挥发酸(VFA)产量和速率、乳酸产量和有机酸的组成.结果表明:温度对水解和酸化过程均有较大影响,在小于37℃范围内水解率和酸化率均随温度升高而增加,最大的VFA浓度在37℃下获得,达34.4g/L.超过37℃,酸化率下降而水解率继续增加,最大水解率在50℃下获得达82%.VFA中以甲酸和乙酸为主,并有少量丙酸和丁酸产生,同时乳酸浓度一直较高.通过实验确定了厨余垃圾水解酸化过程的最优温度条件为37℃.     

不同污泥预处理方法对污泥厌氧消化产气量影响研究

污泥溶胞破解是提高污泥厌氧消化产气量的重要手段。实验比较了热预处理、碱预处理、热碱预处理以及电化学热处理四种破解方法对污泥厌氧消化产气量的优化效果,通过对沼气累计产量、日产气速率、CH4在沼气中的含量占比等指标的分析,结果表明,不同的破解方法对污泥厌氧消化产气量的优化程度是不同的。     

厌氧与好氧组合工艺在屠宰废水处理中的运用

水污染问题一直以来都是我国关注的主要环境问题,其中工业废水污染是水体主要的污染来源,屠宰废水便是其中比较典型的有机废水,主要特点是水质与水量不稳定,水体中的有机物含量高。而运用厌氧与好氧组合工艺进行废水处理,不仅能有效去除水体中的无机物,而且处理效果稳定。本文便以某屠宰场为例,分析厌氧与好氧组合工艺在进行废水处理过程中的应用。     

超声破解耦合蛋白酶强化污泥厌氧产甲烷的研究

本文在厌氧反应器探究了超声破解对生物酶强化污泥厌氧消化的影响,实验结果表明超声能促进生物酶强化污泥厌氧发酵生产挥发性脂肪酸,且最佳的超声能量密度为0.9kW/L,相应的VFA的产量为2596mg/L是空白组的1.5倍。超声能量密度对VFA的组分影响不明显。超声能够促进污泥中溶解性化学需氧量,溶解性蛋白质和多糖的增加,为后续产酸菌提供了发酵基质。     

新型厌氧内循环反应器处理酒精废水的应用研究

介绍了新型内循厌氧流化床对酒精行业所产生废水的治理。经工程实际运行可知:进水容积负荷在9.4~19.2 kg COD/(m3·d)变化范围内,COD值去除率基本能维持在85%以上。系统运行稳定,处理效率高。为其它类似水质的实施具有指导作用。     

pH,H_2及H_2S对厌氧消化有机物降解的影响研究

本文研究了不同负荷条件下猪粪厌氧消化过程中pH值、氢气和硫化氢对于有机物降解的影响。结果表明,氢气的浓度变化从1-27ppm,硫化氢的浓度从900-3800ppm,系统的pH值则保持相对的温度。一级动力学模型能够很好的预测厌氧消化有机物的降解过程,三种因子对于有机物降解动力学的影响顺序为pH>H_2>H_2S。同时随着负荷的升高,pH值和氢气对厌氧消化的影响增大,而硫化氢则没有明显变化。     

酒精废水治理中二级厌氧的应用与研究

本文对酒精废水治理中二级厌氧的应用进行了分析与研究,提出了高温厌氧和低温厌 氧相结合的二级厌氧新工艺。为酒精废水治理提供了一条稳定可靠、节能低耗的工艺路线。