Effect of carbon source and nitrate concentration on denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge

Effect of added carbon source and nitrate concentration on the denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge was systematically studied using batch experiments, at the same time the variation of ORP was investigated.Results showed that the denitrifying and phosphorus uptake rate in anoxic phase increased with the high initial anaerobic carbon source addition. However once the initial COD concentration reached a certain level, which was in excess to the PHB saturation of poly-P bacteria, residual COD carried over to anoxic phase inhibited the subsequent denitrifying phosphorus uptake. Simultaneously, phosphate uptake continued until all nitrate was removed, following a slow endogenous release of phosphate. High nitrate concentration in anoxic phase increased the initial denitrffying phosphorus rate. Once the nitrate was exhausted, phosphate uptake changed to release. Moreover, the time of this turning point occurred later with the higher nitrate addition. On the other hand, through on-line monitoring the variation of the ORP with different initial COD concentration, it was found ORP could be used as a control parameter for phosphorus release, but it is impossible to utilize ORP for controlling the denitrificaion and anoxic phosphorus uptake operations.     

水处理固体废物用作燃煤脱硫剂的可行性研究

从水处理固体废物的形成入手，分析其组成特性，探讨清洁利用水处理固体废物并作为煤燃烧过程中控制ＳＯ２排放的脱硫剂的可行性。     

生物表面活性剂对东海原甲藻生长的影响

以东海原甲藻为实验材料,研究了铜绿假单胞菌产鼠李糖脂类生物表面活性剂对藻细胞的抑制和杀藻作用.结果表明,鼠李糖脂在较低浓度下对东海原甲藻的生长有明显的抑制效果,增大用量,可直接杀灭藻细胞.生长延滞期的藻细胞对鼠李糖脂的作用更为敏感.在相同实验条件下,鼠李糖脂对绿藻生长的影响基本可以忽略,在低浓度下对中肋骨条藻和湛江叉鞭金藻生长的影响也很弱,鼠李糖脂的浓度增至5.0mg/L 以上时,对中肋骨条藻和湛江叉鞭金藻的生长表现出一定的抑制作用.     

锰在水库中的分布,对饮用水质的影响及去除对策

水库中的锰主要分布在库区底层水中，锰超标给饮用水质和供水设施带来不利影响。通过泄洪可以大大降低水库中的锰含量。常规的水处理工艺，经预氯化，并投加石灰水，至少能将原水中的锰由０．７８ｍｇ／ｌ降至０．１０ｍｇ／ｌ的限值内，另外，烧杯实验证实了高锰酸钾氧化对降低原水锰含量非常有效。     

不同原水中膜污染物质的表征与确定

本文采用有机物的组分分析、相对分子质量分布及三维荧光等分析手段,研究了青草沙水库和滆湖原水的膜过滤通量的表现,探讨了膜污染的机理.试验结果表明,中亲组分有机物造成的微滤膜和超滤膜的通量下降最为严重,而疏水性有机物对通量的影响甚微.滆湖水对微滤膜的通量下降较青草沙水库水严重,而青草沙水库水对超滤膜的通量下降较滆湖水严重.膜污染机理的分析表明,微滤膜污染主要由膜孔堵塞造成,而超滤膜的通量主要受大分子有机物形成的滤饼层的影响.三维荧光分析表明,蛋白质类的有机物是造成膜污染的主要物质.     

Flocculation performance of a novel synthesized flocculant with low ecological risk

Combined flocculants with low ecological risk are urgently required in water supply and wastewater treatment in China. A novel flocculant was thus developed under the condition of low ecological risk( noted as CAS).The experiments to examine wastewater treatment performance of the new product showed that there was favourable performance in the flocculation process in contrast to commercial flocculants in treating kaolin suspensions, municipal effluent and domestic wastewater. Flocculation performance included the turbidity removal rate, sediment character and a decrease in COD(chemical oxygen demand). The sediment time of flocculation is short and the removal rate of turbidity treated by CAS is high compared with PAC(polyaluminum-chloride), PAM (polyacrylamide) and the combined addition of PAC and PAM. The optimal concentration required to affect flocculation processes is dependent on kaolin concentration and the character of the wastewater within the range examined. It also showed that CAS is effective to treat wastewater with high turbidity.     

4种环境雌激素对淡水鱼卵黄蛋白原诱导的混合物效应研究

在个体水平上阐明环境雌激素类化合物对易受影响生物的联合毒性作用,探讨混合污染物联合作用和环境风险评价的研究方法.通过对鲫鱼血清卵黄蛋白原含量的相对变化和暴露浓度的非线性回归分析得出17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)、17β-雌二醇(E2)、双酚A(BPA)、辛基苯酚(OP)及其等毒性混合物产生雌激素效应的剂量-反应关系,应用联合作用指数和相加作用模型研究4种环境雌激素的联合作用.各化合物非线性回归分析结果均以Weibull函数拟合效果最好,决定系数R2≥0.92;效应浓度值及其95%置信限通过自举抽样法得出,其中半效应浓度值EC50及其95%置信区间分别为0.0079(0.0068～0.0100)、0.0987(0.0900～0.1110)、63.50(56.58～70.62)和250.59(228.46～271.99)μg·L-1.4种环境雌激素混合物效应通过相加作用模型预测在全剂量范围内与实验结果相一致,呈现相似联合作用.相加作用模型是在各个浓度反应水平上展示化合物联合作用的性质,是切实可行的联合作用研究方法,而混合物效应通过联合作用指数评价存在许多不确定性.     

水处理剂的绿色化及其在印染废水中的应用研究

印染废水存在污染重、处理难等污染特征,对水环境的生态安全造成严重影响和潜在威胁,使其成为污废水治理研究的重点领域.不同水处理剂的处理效果差异大,通过对比传统水处理剂与绿色水处理剂的技术参数,绿色水处理剂体现了处理高效、环境友好、功能多元的技术优势.同时对绿色水处理剂在印染废水处理中的应用状况进行了评价,分析了关于绿色水处理剂的研发、应用过程中的问题与不足,并对未来绿色水处理剂的研究发展方向进行了展望.     

催化臭氧化去除水中氯乙酸的研究

运用催化臭氧化技术去除水中消毒副产物氯乙酸。结果表明：（1）Ni/Al2O3是一种高效催化臭氧化氯乙酸的催化剂；（2）催化臭氧化分解氯乙酸的效率，明显高于单独臭氧化和单独吸附去队氯乙酸效率之和；（3）低pH对氧化氯乙酸较为有利。     

催化氧化除氨氮/锰滤料活性恢复方式优化研究

以催化氧化除氨氮/锰失活滤料为研究对象,考察了3种不同恢复方式(自然恢复,投加碱度,再次挂膜)对滤料催化氧化氨氮、锰效能的影响.结果表明,自然恢复(1#)滤柱,投加碱度(2#)滤柱,再次挂膜(3#)滤柱分别于4,2,3d后氨氮去除率达到90%以上;逐渐提高氨氮浓度,3#再次挂膜滤柱出水氨氮浓度波动最大,1#自然恢复滤柱恢复期间出水亚硝氮积累时间最长且峰值最高.3根滤柱催化氧化去除锰活性恢复速度均较快.1#自然恢复滤柱和2#碱度恢复滤柱均能在2d内将锰完全去除.3#挂膜滤柱是在停止投加高锰酸钾后5d内实现将进水锰完全去除.氨氮和锰的相互影响实验结果表明,3根滤柱中投加碱度(2#)滤柱表现最优.尽管氨氮抑制锰的去除,但是投加碱度滤柱随着进水氨氮浓度的升高出水锰浓度始终低于0.1mg/L;锰对氨氮的去除影响不显著.XRD分析结果表明,受其表面负载新生成氧化膜的影响,高锰酸钾重新挂膜滤柱的滤料样品的结晶度较差.综合考虑氨氮和锰的活性恢复效率以及挂膜过程中药品的投加,提出采用自然恢复方式最适.