海藻酸钠固定化Fe-Cu双金属去除Cr(Ⅵ)的作用机制

通过运用海藻酸钠(SA)固定化Fe-Cu双金属(SAB)来克服Fe0-PRB利用率低、易板结、堵塞的缺陷.结果表明,SA和Fe-Cu双金属的运用能极大地提高Fe0的利用率,SA的运用可以使Fe-Cu双金属以较低的镀铜量获得较高的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率,SAB镀铜0.9%(SAB0.9)为最佳的填料.FEI电镜扫描结果表明,SA跟2价金属阳离子Ca2+交联形成孔隙结构,为双金属的附着提供了大量的吸附点位,增大了金属颗粒的比表面积;场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)及X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,Cu负载于Fe0表面,呈疏松层状结构,在Fe0与Cr(Ⅵ)反应中起催化剂作用,通过自身化合态变化传递Fe0失去的电子,从而提高了Fe0的利用率.渗透系数实验结果表明,SAB0.9能控制Fe0与Cr(Ⅵ)反应产物的释放,缓解Fe0-PRB易板结、堵塞的缺陷.     

热管恒温槽在发电机组温度检定中的应用

针对短型热电偶和高参数双金属温度计检定中存在的问题,通过技术分析和大量参比试验后,采用热管恒温槽代替热电偶检定炉做温度源,对短型热电偶和双金属温度计的检测设备进行改进。结果表明:检测设备改进后,既消除了短型热电偶检定中的各种因素对检定结果的影响,又增大了双金属温度计的检定范围,具有很好的实用性和有效性。     

高浓度DDTs污染土壤机械化学球磨试剂筛选

为了筛选DDTs(包括DDT及其衍生物——DDE、DDD)高污染土壤无害化处理的机械化学球磨试剂,以某退役DDT生产场地高污染土壤为研究对象,将不添加任何球磨试剂处理作为对照,分析添加不同球磨主剂(CaO、CaO₂和Fe粉)、球磨助剂(SiO₂、Al₂O₃)组合以及双金属(Fe-Ni、Fe-Zn)试剂对土壤中DDTs的去除效果. 结果表明:①对照处理下土壤w(DDTs)随球磨时间的延长而不断降低,8 h后降至404.0 mg/kg,仍远超过GB 5085.6—2007《危险废物鉴别标准 毒性物质含量鉴别》标准限值〔w(DDTs)为50 mg/kg〕;单一添加CaO₂处理球磨8 h后,土壤及球磨剂混合物中w(DDTs)仍为118.0 mg/kg;而单一添加CaO和Fe粉处理分别于球磨4和6 h后,土壤及球磨剂混合物中w(DDTs)低于GB 5085.6—2007标准,因此,CaO和Fe粉是较好的DDTs机械化学球磨主剂. ②与单一添加CaO处理相比,在CaO中加入球磨助剂SiO₂或Al₂O₃球磨4 h后,土壤及球磨剂混合物中 w(DDTs)由28.55 mg/kg分别显著降至18.70或17.57 mg/kg,DDTs去除率由99.16%升至99.45%或99.48%. 与单一添加Fe粉处理相比,在Fe粉中加入SiO₂或Al₂O₃球磨4 h后,土壤及球磨剂混合物中w(DDTs)由193.0 mg/kg分别显著降至54.25或69.98 mg/kg,虽然仍略超过GB 5085.6—2007标准限值,但却显示出SiO₂或Al₂O₃对机械化学去除土壤DDTs具有显著的促进作用. ③Fe-Ni和Fe-Zn双金属球磨处理4 h后,土壤及球磨剂混合物中w(DDTs)分别为27.00和4.00 mg/kg,DDTs去除率分别达到99.21%和99.88%. 因此,Fe-Zn双金属作为去除土壤DDTs的机械化学球磨试剂,具有潜在的应用前景.      

20钢+ 825镍基复合管的焊接技术和控制方法

针对塔河油田某区块碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏的强腐蚀性,结合目前双金属复合管发展和现场应用试验,集输管线采用抗腐蚀的20钢+ 825镍基双金属复合管.从复合管基管材料、内衬层材料及其焊接性能出发,介绍了20钢+ 825镍基双金属复合管焊接工艺及焊接方法.     

Catalytic reductive dechlorination of p–chlorophenol in water using Ni/Fe nanoscale particles

Nanoscale bimetallic Ni/Fe particles were synthesized from the reaction of sodium borohydride （NaBH4） with reduction of Ni^2＋ and Fe^2＋ in aqueous solution. The obtained Ni/Fe particles were characterized by TEM （transmission electron microscope）, XRD （X-ray diffractometer）, and N2-BET. The dechlorination activity of the Ni/Fe was investigated using p-chlorophenol （p-CP） as a probe agent. Results demonstrated that the nanoscale Ni/Fe could effectively dechlorinate p-CP at relatively low metal to solution ratio of 0.4 g/L （Ni 5 wt%）. The target with initial concentration ofp-CP 0.625 mmol/L was dechlorinted completely in 60 rain under ambient temperature and pressure. Factors affecting dechlorination efficiency, including reaction temperature, pH, Ni loading percentage over Fe, and metal to solution ratio, were investigated. The possible mechanism of dechlorination ofp-CP was proposed and discussed. The pseudo-first- order reaction took place on the surface of the Ni/Fe bimetallic particles, and the activation energy of the dechlorination reaction was determined to be 21.2 kJ/mol at the temperature rang of 287-313 K.     

Effects of particle composition and environmental parameters on catalytic hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene by nanoscale bimetallic Ni-Fe

Catalytic nickel was successfully incorporated into nanoscale iron to enhance its dechlorination efficiency for trichloroethylene （TCE）, one of the most commonly detected chlorinated organic compounds in groundwater. Ethane was the predominant product. The greatest dechlorination efficiency was achieved at 22 molar percent of nickel. This nanoscale Ni-Fe is poorly ordered and inhomogeneous; iron dissolution occurred whereas nickel was relatively stable during the 24-hr reaction. The morphological characterization provided significant new insights on the mechanism of catalytic hydrodcchlorination by bimetallic nanoparticles. TCE degradation and ethane production rates were greatly affected by environmental parameters such as solution pH, temperature and common groundwater ions. Both rate constants decreased and then increased over the pH range of 6.5 to 8.0, with the minimum value occurring at pH 7.5. TCE degradation rate constant showed an increasing trend over the temperature range of 10 to 25℃. However, ethane production rate constant increased and then decreased over the range, with the maximum value occurring at 20℃, Most salts in the solution appeared to enhance the reaction in the first half hour but overall they displayed an inhibitory effect. Combined ions showed a similar effect as individual salts.     

氨修饰NiMg-MOF-74材料共吸附硫硝碳效能及其机理

为实现烟气中硫硝碳的共吸附,采用热溶剂法制备了以不同比例Ni²⁺和Mg²⁺为中心离子,2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸为配体的双金属有机框架材料Ni_xMg_1−x-MOF-74,再通过氨水浸渍得到不同浓度氨改性的共吸附硫硝碳性能最优的Ni_0.83Mg_0.17-MOF-74,以实现氨基基团的功能化修饰,并利用原位红外光谱记录了吸附剂上3种气体的吸附物种状态及变化,结合TPD探究了其共吸附机理,最后考察了O₂、H₂O对上述材料吸附过程稳定性的影响。效率测试发现,改性后的0.2NH₃@Ni_0.83Mg_0.17-MOF-74吸附剂对SO₂、NO和CO共吸附的饱和吸附量为0.851、2.130和0.187 mmol·g⁻¹,为改性前的1.8、6.3和4.7倍。结果表明,氨基的修饰使吸附剂拥有更多表面碱性基团,从而能吸附活化酸性气体,并提高材料对氧气和水蒸气的耐受性。本研究可为一体化烟气净化材料的开发及应用提供参考。     

铁锌共掺杂MCM-41构建双酸性中心及其催化臭氧化布洛芬

Fe-MCM-41作为臭氧(O₃)催化剂被广泛关注,但其存在O₃利用率和界面反应效率较低等缺点,这极大限制了其在非均相催化臭氧化领域的应用。为解决这一问题,通过一步水热合成方法制备了具有双酸性中心的Fe-Zn-MCM-41催化剂。不同臭氧化体系对布洛芬(IBP)降解结果表明,反应30 min后Fe-Zn-MCM-41/O₃降解IBP的表观速率常数为0.035 min⁻¹,分别是单独O₃、MCM-41/O₃、Fe-MCM-41/O₃和Zn-MCM-41/O₃的2.9、2.9、1.9和1.6倍。XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、TEM和XPS等表征结果证明,Fe和Zn成功进入MCM-41骨架内并分别作为中酸位点和强酸位点。中酸位点产生的·OH迅速扩散到溶液中,加快溶液中IBP的去除;强酸位点产生的·OH键合在Fe-Zn-MCM-41表面,促进IBP界面氧化。LSV和EIS结果表明,Fe-Zn-MCM-41不仅具有较好的电子传递能力,而且拥有较强的O₃亲和力。Fe-Zn-MCM-41具有较好的循环使用性能,经过5次回收使用后,Fe-Zn-MCM-41/O₃仍可去除55.1%的IBP,去除率远高于其他臭氧化体系。以上研究结果可为非均相催化臭氧化体系在水环境污染控制领域的应用提供参考。     

球形氧化铝负载Ni-Co双金属催化剂上沼气重整制氢——操作条件的影响

前期研究开发出了活性、稳定性和抗积碳性能都较好的沼气重整制氢Ni-Co/La2O3-Al2O3催化剂。在此基础上选用商业球形氧化铝作为载体(4~5 mm)并掺杂La2O3,用浸渍法制备了Ni-Co/La2O3-Al2O3球形催化剂,以CH4/CO2体积比为1的混合气模拟沼气,考察了操作条件对工业尺度催化剂沼气重整反应性能的影响。结果表明:负载活性组分的γ-Al2O3球形催化剂的沼气重整活性基本达到小试的水平。反应温度升高有利于提高催化剂的重整活性,850℃以上催化剂的活性趋于稳定。反应温度升高有利于减少催化剂的表面积碳,却加速了金属颗粒的团聚。随着空速的增加,催化剂的活性显著降低。较好的催化剂还原方式为用纯H2在700℃下还原2 h,用该方式还原的催化剂反应后金属粒径较小,平均积碳速率较低。