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把系统聚类分析(简称HCA-hierachical cluster analysis) 和主成分分析方法(简称PCA-Principal Component Analysis)有机结合,从给定的"样品-指标"数据矩阵出发,利用HCA科学判定区域环境污染的类型,然后根据不同的类型利用PCA方法确定首要污染因子,针对首要污染因子,对各个污染途径进行评估,计算出各途径的污染分担率,从而确定区域污染成因.并对其原理、计算方法、特点作出分析和讨论,同时以某城镇水环境为例进行了计算示范.经证实该方法在确定区域环境污染成因,制定区域污染防治措施方面有重要的意义. 相似文献
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钱伯章 《石油化工环境保护》2006,29(1):28-28
中国石化巴陵分公司为巩固污水达标排放成果,采用先进专利技术MBR(高效膜分离技术与活性污泥法相结合)工艺对污水处理系统进行整改,建设亚洲最大的7200t/d MBR膜生物反应器。 相似文献
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Vegetation patterns and nature reserve construction in an extremely-arid desert in Anxi,NW China's Gansu Province 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Anxi County is located in the northwestern part of the Hexi Corridor in gansu Province and has the sole national level nature reserve of extremely-arid desert in China.Phytosociological methods (Braun-Blanquet,1964) are used to classify plant community types in this area.Eleven are disting uished,including six of deserts,four of oases and one transitional type between deserts and oases.Direct gradient analysis (DCA) is employed to correlate the distribution of plant communities to physiogeographic conditions.This study makes clear that water is the most important ecological factor for the distribution of plant species and communities in this area.The effects of water have been demonstrated in different ways.A vegetation gradient from lower altitude to higher altitude in the southern part of the reserve is driven by a precipitation gradient.The effects of the depth of ground water table contribute to the differentiation of vegetation from desert to oasis in the flat area.In a finer scale,the washed gullies have obviously higher species richness and also higher vegetation cover than the surround gobi surfaces,possibly caused by the effects of floods.The vegetation patterns demonstrate that the area of Anxi County is a complete landscape unit.The range of the current nature reserve is not large enough for the purpose of conserving the unique biodiversity in this area. 相似文献
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报道了“中日湖泊水质富营养化控制研究项目”在贵州化肥厂建立的示范工程,使用两台脱氮除磷设备——BR型间歇曝气式脱氮除磷净化槽及BS型序批式脱氮除磷净化槽,对厂内生活区部分生活污水进行处理的情况。对该厂人均用水量大,排水水质有机物浓度低、碳氮比低的水质条件下反应器内活性污泥的稳定性、沉降性(SV30值的变化规律)及SV30值对设备运行的指导意义进行了初步研究。 相似文献
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比较了3种生物接触氧化法对富营养化水源水中藻类的去除效果,探讨其去除藻类的途径。试验结果表明:淹没式曝气生物陶粒滤池(I型)在4-6m/h过滤速度条件下,对藻类总数的去除效率稳定,平均为70%左右;采用YDT弹性立体填料的中心导流筒曝气生物接触氧化法(Ⅱ型)与直接微孔曝气生物接触氧化法(Ⅲ型),在试验初期对藻类总数的去除率较低,平均去除率分别为60.2%、51.6%。但随着生物膜厚度的增加,试验后期对藻类的去除效果逐步得到提高,平均达70%以上。生物膜对藻类的生物絮凝、吸附、生物膜的脱落沉降等是生物接触氧化法去除藻类的主要途径。 相似文献
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The effects of land use and its patterns on soil properties in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Due to relatively strong human activities in the hilly area of Loess Plateau,the natural vegetation has been destroyed,and landscape pattern based on agricultural land matrix was land use mosaic composing of shrub land,grassland,woolland and orchard.This pattern has an important effect on soil moisture and soil nutrients.The Danangou catchment,a typical small catchment,was selected to study the effects of land use and its patterns on soil moisture and nutrients in this paper.The results are as follows:The comparisons of soil moisture among seven land uses for wet year and dry year were performed:(1)the average of soil moisture content for whole catchment was 12.11% in wet year,while it was 9.37% in dry year;(2)soil moisture among seven land uses was significantly different in dry year,but not in wet year;(3) form wet year to dry year,the profile type of soil moisture changed from decreasing type to fluctuation-type and from fluctuant type to increasing type;(4)the increasing trend in soil moisture from the top to foot of hillslope occurred in simple land use along slope,while complicated distribution of soil moisture was observed in multiple land uses along slope.The relationships between soil nutrients and land uses and landscape positions were analysed:(1)five nutrient contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total N(TN),available N(AN),total P(TP) and available P(AP) in hilly area were lower than that in other areas.SOM content was less than 1%,TN content less than 0.07%,and TP fallow land and cropland,and higher level in soil fertility was found in crop-fruit intercropping land among croplands;(3)soil nutrient distribution and responses to landscape positions were variable depending on slope and the location of land use types. 相似文献