生化池中不同粒径细微沙的悬浮特性

进入生化池的沙粒受粒径影响,或沉积或悬浮在生化池,粒径≤73 μm的细微沙容易悬浮在污泥混合液中,导致活性污泥ρ(MLVSS)/ρ(MLSS)(生物有机质所占的比例)下降. 以粒径≤73 μm的沙粒为对象,研究生化池中不同粒径细微沙对活性污泥ρ(MLVSS)/ρ(MLSS)的影响,探讨细微沙的可悬浮性和悬浮态势,揭示细微沙对污泥活性的影响,以期为污水厂的运行管理提供理论基础. 通过显微观察发现,粒径>33 μm的细微沙不易被活性污泥卷捕,呈自由悬浮态势;粒径≤33 μm的细微沙容易被活性污泥絮体卷捕,呈卷捕附着态势. 细微沙粒径越小,悬浮比(悬浮在污泥混合液中的细微沙占生化池进水中细微沙总量的比例)越大,活性污泥ρ(MLVSS)/ρ(MLSS)越低,悬浮比与细微沙粒径呈显著线性相关(y=0.996-0.010x),活性污泥ρ(MLVSS)/ρ(MLSS)与悬浮比相关性显著〔y=2.84/(12.27x+3.06)〕. 研究显示,细微沙不影响污泥中微生物的活性,污水厂可结合活性污泥ρ(MLVSS)/ρ(MLSS)调控ρ(MLSS),保证ρ(MLVSS)的稳定,有利于实现污水处理系统的稳定运行.      

傅家谟：二次气溶胶对灰霾贡献大

按美国标准,广州PM2.5超标天数大于70% 我们研究发现,广州市某些地区的可吸入悬浮颗粒物按国家二级标准,超标20%左右.     

河口区养殖塘水-气界面N2O扩散通量比较

以闽江河口区水产养虾塘为研究对象,于2017年6~11月,采用漂浮箱法和扩散模型法同步原位观测了养殖塘N₂O排放通量.结果表明,研究期间悬浮箱法和扩散模型法获得的养殖塘水－气界面N₂O通量变化范围分别为（0.38±0.05）~（20.63±5.63）μg/（m²·h）和（2.77±0.52）~（17.23±2.27）μg/（m²·h）,随时间推移均呈现“增加-降低-增加-降低”的双峰变化特征.两种方法观测的N₂O通量均与水温、水体硝酸盐氮（NO₃^--N）和氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）浓度呈现显著正相关关系（P<0.05）,与水体溶解氧（DO）呈现出显著负相关关系（P<0.05）.悬浮箱法与不同扩散模型法测定的N₂O排放通量大小排序表现为：模型DM_RC01>悬浮箱法>模型DM_CL98>模型DM_W92a>模型DM_MY95>模型DM_CW03>模型DM_LM86.相比其他几种模型方法,模型RC01与悬浮箱法测得的养殖塘水－气界面N₂O通量相关性系数最高.本研究结果初步表明,今后进行东南沿海河口区养殖塘N₂O通量的大尺度观测研究时,可考虑选择RC01模型法来代替悬浮箱法进行测定,进而减小人力及物力的投入.     

Suspended particle effects on ClO2/ultraviolet light combined disinfection of effluent

The concentration of suspended solids of effluent often varies in a wide range, therefore the dose of ultraviolet light （UV） in disinfection process needs to be adjusted to meet the disinfection criterion at a high frequency, and the desired disinfection effect is difficult to be ensured. The particles size and particle-associated fecal coliform （F.C.） contribution, and their influence on UV disinfection were investigated when ClO2 and UV combined disinfection process was used. The results showed that suspended solids content had a major impact on UV disinfection efficiency, especially the large particle size fraction. Particles （D〉10μm） associated F. C. were difficult to be disinfected and were the main part of the railings of F.C. inactivation curve. Pre-ClO2 oxidation could reduce the number of particles in effluent, and make large particles decrease to small ones. Therefore, the influence of particles on UV disinfection could be reduced after pre-ClO2 oxidation, and the resistance ability to particle loadings of combined process was enhanced. Moreover, the combined process has a lot of advantages, such as low toxicity, low operational/maintenance costs; it is also convenient to be established in the existing wastewater plant or the new planned one.     

核壳结构高分子吸油微球的制备

针对目前吸油材料吸油倍率低、吸油速度慢的问题,提出核壳结构的高分子吸油微球,以丙烯酸丁酯和丙烯酸十二脂为聚合单体、二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯为交联剂、偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,采用悬浮聚合法制备了高分子吸油微球,然后以二乙烯基苯和苯乙烯为单体在高分子吸油微球表面制备了表层结构,制备了核壳状高分子吸油微球,并考察里、表层单体及比例、交联剂种类和用量、引发温度等因素对吸油性能的影响,核壳微球的吸油倍率可达29倍,饱和吸油时间为3min,吸油速度大大提高。