Investigation on sampling artifacts of particle associated PAHs using ozone denuder systems

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are complex organic compounds which are identified as significant carcinogenic to human health. PAHs （mainly in particle phase） are susceptible to atmospheric oxidant gases, especially ozone, nitrogen oxides （NOx）, hydroxyl radical （OH）, and could be degraded on filters during sampling process, leading to an underestimation of ambient PAH concentrations. The goal of this work was to investigate particle associated PAHs sampling artifacts caused by ozone in summer of Beijing. Comparative sampling systems were operated simultaneously during the whole campaign, one with activated carbon ozone denuder, the other being set as conventional sampling system. Activated carbon denuder was testified to be highly efficient to eliminate ozone from air stream. In general, nine particle-bound PAHs observed from conventional sampler were all lower than those from ozone denuder system. The total PAHs （particle phase） concentration was averagely underestimated by 35.9% in conventional sampling procedure. Benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） had the highest percentage of mass loss. founded to have influences Ambient temperature was on PAHs sampling artifacts. High temperature can increase loss of particle associated PAHs during sampling.     

N2O emission from a sequencing batch reactor for biological N and P removal from wastewater

Nitrous oxide （N2O） is a greenhouse gas that can be released during biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. N2O emission from a sequencing batch reactor （SBR） for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater was investigated, and the aims were to examine which process, nitrification or denitrification, would contribute more to N2Oemission and to study the effects of heterotrophic activities on N2O emission during nitrification. The results showed that N2O emission was mainly attributed to nitrification rather than to denitrification. N2O emission during denitrification mainly occurred with stored organic carbon as the electron donor. During nitrification, NaO emission was increased with increasing initial ammonium or nitrite concentrations. The ratio of N2O emission to the removed ammonium nitrogen （N2O- N/NH4-N） was 2.5% in the SBR system with high heterotrophic activities, while this ratio was in the range from 0.14% to 1.06% in batch nitrification experiments with limited heterotrophic activities.     

“风险”预控之道——访石化行业健康安全环保资深顾问栾兴华

<正>如何将过程安全管理融入化工企业的日程运营中,并取得良好的安全绩效?在国内外多家石油化工企业工作过的健康安全环保资深顾问栾兴华分享了他的见解。为了对国际上化工过程安全管理的运行现状和存在的问题有所了解,促进经验交流,本刊记者采访了曾在中国海洋石油总公司、英国国家石油公司(BP)等国内外大型     

几种捕集高比电阻粉尘的电收尘器的机理

详细论述了影响电收尘器收尘效率的主要因素,指出常规电收尘器在捕集高比电阻粉尘时产生反晕现象,从而使收尘效率大大降低,并且提出几种适用于捕集高比电阻粉尘的电除尘结构,对开发新型电收尘器有一定的指导作用。     

湿润剂溶液在硫化矿矿尘中的反向湿润行为研究

采用毛细管反向渗透湿润实验方法,研究了两种阴离子型湿润剂对两种硫化矿矿尘的反渗长度与反渗时间的关系.在实验中,环境和溶液的温度不高(20℃左右),所选的两种湿润剂对硫化矿矿尘都具有一定的改善湿润效果作用,试剂A比试剂B稍好.在反渗长度1 cm内,其反渗长度与反渗时间接近线性关系;反渗长度增大,其反渗长度与反渗时间近乎成抛物线的关系.研究结果显示,用毛细管反渗湿润法研究湿润剂对硫化矿矿尘的湿润行为时,反渗时间与反渗长度的关系基本可用Washburn方程描述;但除了方程中所含的参数外,还存在着诸多的影响因素,如几何条件、矿尘的物理化学性质、湿润剂的种类和浓度梯度等.     

漫话古人的安全意识

在工业文明发达的今天,以人为本的理念,使生产过程中的安全知识和安全意识成为尊重生命的重要体现。那么,在科学文明尚未发达的农业时代,古人的安全意识和安全知识又达到怎样的高度呢？     

违反操作规程碱液烧伤眼睛

2005年3月2日,某公司聚氯乙烯分厂聚合车间在生产过程中,2名操作工违反操作规程,被碱液烧伤眼睛,其中1人重伤、1人轻伤.     

生物沸石床污水脱氮效果及机理

研究了生物沸石床对模拟村镇生活污水中各形态氮及COD等污染物的去除效果结果表明,生物沸石床对NH₃^--N去除效果明显且稳定,去除率大于95%,对NO₃^--N的去除则受水力停留时间的影响较大从机理分析,生物沸石对NH₃-N的去除主要依靠化学吸附、离子交换以及生物硝化的协同作用,而对NO₃^--N的去除主要依赖反硝化作用.生物沸石的硝化作用明显,并受溶解氧浓度限制,沸石床中部沸石硝化强度只有表层沸石的1/2;其反硝化能力则随实验条件中C/N的不同而变化明显,当COD/TN=5时,反硝化作用最强,在时间变化规律上,前6h反硝化速率最大.     

胶体态有机物对生物膜硝化过程的影响

利用曝气生物滤池研究了胶体态和溶解态有机物对生物膜中硝化过程的影响.实验结果表明,胶体态有机物的水解过程进行得较为迅速,不会成为生物降解的限制过程.70%有机物的氧化在滤池的进口40cm内完成,而随着进水有机物浓度的增加硝化过程向滤池的上部迁移.胶体态有机物对硝化过程的抑制作用比同样浓度溶解态有机物略大.     

低DO微孔曝气变速氧化沟脱氮能力恢复效果分析

活性污泥法低温运行中的污泥膨胀主要是由丝状菌引起,微丝菌(M.Parvicella)则是污泥膨胀中的优势丝状菌.针对微孔曝气变速氧化沟中试系统中因低温引起的污泥严重膨胀及其污泥硝化能力降低的问题,采取增大曝气量快速培养污泥硝化菌含量,再逐渐增加A:O比为0,0.1,0.5,1.1,1.8提高反硝化能力,从而恢复污泥脱氮能力.在恢复期间,污泥絮体中的疏水性M.Parvicella附着于反硝化产生气体上,在选择池和氧化沟表面形成浮泥,对其进行去除,以减少絮体中丝状菌含量,提高硝化菌含量及其硝化能力.同时对不同微丝菌含量的污泥絮体(沟内混合液和表面浮泥)的硝化和反硝化速率进行测定,结果表明微丝菌含量高的活性污泥其硝化能力较弱,而快速反硝化能力较强,则对慢速和内源反硝化影响不大.进一步证明M.Parvicella也是除了DO浓度,水温和负荷之外影响活性污泥硝化能力和污泥沉降性能的重要因素之一.