基于主成分分析法的扬州城市生态系统评价

为了了解近年来扬州城市生态系统发展趋势,根据社会—经济—自然复合生态系统的概念,从社会、经济、自然三个方面构建了扬州城市生态系统评价指标体系,并利用主成分分析方法对扬州市2000—2007年城市生态系统进行评价,结果表明扬州城市生态系统发展稳定,呈稳定上升趋势。     

滇池湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估

滇池湿地的直接使用价值包括物质生产价值、供水价值、休闲娱乐价值和科研文化价值;间接使用价值包括生物栖息地功能价值、调节气候功能价值、降解污染功能价值、涵养水源价值和侵蚀控制功能价值。采用机会成本法、影子工程法、替代市场法及生态价值法等评价方法,计算出滇池湿地的各项服务功能总价值为78．778亿元,其中直接使用价值50．116亿元,间接价值为28．662亿元。     

浅议植物在城市生态安全监测中的应用

植物是城市生态系统的组成部分,植物监测具有传统理化监测没有的特性,利用地面、航空、卫星监测技术监测植物基因、组织、个体、群落等各个层次对人为胁迫的响应变化,分析污染物、环境因子与植物的综合作用,对生态环境进行监测和预警,保障城市生态安全。     

Development and application of a two-dimensional water quality model for the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake

Water quality models are important tools to support the optimization of aquatic ecosystem rehabilitation programs and assess their efficiency. Basing on the flow conditions of the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake, China, two-dimensional water quality model was developed in the research. The hydrodynamics module was numerically solved by the alternating direction iteration (ADI) method. The parameters of the water quality module were obtained through the in situ experiments and the lab analyses that were conducted from 2006 to 2007. The model was calibrated and verified by the observation data in 2007. Among the four modelled key variables that were water level, CODcr, NH3-N and PO4-P, the minimum value of the coefficient of determination (CoD) was 0.69, which mean the model performed reasonably well. The developed model was then applied to simulate the water quality changes at the downstream cross-section assuming that the designed restoration programs were implemented. According to the simulated results, the restoration programs could cut down the loads of CODcr and PO4-P about 15%, however, they would have very little effect on the NH3-N removal. Besides, the water quality at the outlet cross-section would be still in class V (3838-02), indicating more measures should be taken to further reduce the loads. The study demonstrated the capability of water quality models to support aquatic ecosystem restorations.     

鞍山市南沙河综合整治改造工程建设与生态恢复浅谈

水利工程建设是我国工程建设的重要组成部分,如何保证工程在取得社会效益的同时,减少生态系统破坏是个重要的问题。本文在简要总结了南沙河综合整治工程建设状况的同时,对工程建设过程中保护生态系统的一些方法做了探讨。     

寄生噬菌体和细菌宿主的本土适应性

<正>"生物多样性"很大程度上取决于外来物种在本土环境中的适应和发展.通常来说,当生存环境发生改变时,寄生生物能为其宿主调节生存竞争压力.已有大量证据表明寄生虫和宿主的确具有本土适应性,但是我们对地球上最为丰富的微生物体——细菌和他们的寄生噬菌体却知之甚少.实际上,微生物多样性最终决定了生态系统的功能和环境的变化.最近一系列的科学研究引发了科学界对微生物多样性的另一话题:那就是生物因素和非生物因素对促进生物多样性的相对重要性.     

Effects of silica nanoparticles on growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus

To assess the aquatic ecosystem safety for silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), the growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus in logarithm growth phase exposed to SiO2 NPs and SiO2 bulk particles (BPs) suspensions were measured. SiO2 NPs with 10-20 nm diameters were found to be toxic. The 20% effective concentration (EC20) values for 72 and 96 hr were 388.1 and 216.5 mg/L, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll decreased significantly under moderate and high concentratio...     

我国生态补偿的研究现状与走势

生态补偿机制：以保护生态环境、促进人与自然和谐发展为目的,根据生态系统服务价值、生态保护成本、发展机会成本,运用政府和市场手段,调解生态保护利益相关者之间的利益关系。     

特定岸坡生态系统去除水源中微量有机物实验研究

水源地长期污染严重,微量有机物检出率增加,水质安全性下降,以及岸坡传统硬质化护砌导致生态恶化,为此提出以新型环保材料生态混凝土构建特定岸坡生态系统改善水源水质的研究方法.中试实验结果表明,停留时间为6 d时,水中阿特拉津、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的去除率分别为70.5%、57.7%、72.4%、62.4%和45.1%,水样有机物图谱峰数与黄浦江原水相比减少23个,峰总面积降低36.8%;相同条件下对照水库(岸坡硬质护砌),5种微量有机物的去除率仅为40.2%、42.9%、54.8%、52.0%和16.2%.以生态混凝土为载体构建的水源地特定岸坡生态系统在微生物和绿色植物等多因素协同作用下,使水中微量有机物去除效果明显,对改善水源水质和生态修复具有积极意义.     

川渝地区农业生态系统NH3排放

基于县级农业活动水平数据及区域氮循环模型IAP-N方法,并根据地理特征、环境气候条件及地区行政区划将川渝地区划分成4个亚区,详细估算了1990~2004年川渝地区农业生态系统各氨排放源的排放及其时空分布状况.结果表明,1990~1994、1995~1999和2000~2004年3个时期,整个川渝地区农业生态系统氨(NH3)年均排放量(以纯氮量计)分别为626.7、670.5和698.8 Gg.a-1.氨排放年际变化呈增长趋势,各氨排放源贡献率的年际变化不大,2000~2004年川渝地区施肥农田、粪便管理系统和秸秆燃烧氨排放源的贡献率分别为53%、46%和1%,排放量分别为374.9、318.2和5.6 Gg.a-1.各地区的氨排放源结构有所不同,成都平原和重庆地区施肥农田氨排放贡献率最高,而川西南地区和川西北地区以粪便管理系统氨排放为主.川渝地区农业生态系统氨排放地理分布总体上呈"东高西低"现象,2000~2004年,重庆丘陵地区、成都平原地区、川西南山地区及川西北高原地区的氨排放量分别为165.6、408.8、85.9和38.8 Gg.a-1,氨排放强度分别为20、28、9.1和1.6kg.(hm2.a)-...