Sustainable Development and Strategic Thinking

From an economic point of view, the industrial economy is efficient to overcome situations of a scarcity of goods. From a technological point of view, the resource efficiency of the manufacturing processes of the industrial economy has been permanently improved during the last 200 years. In addition, cleaner processes have been developed. However, from an ecologic point of view, an increasing world population with increasing consumption has produced a ＂global footprint＂ which approaches the carrying capacity of the planet. A circular economy and its high-value spin-offs-a lake economy and a performance or functional service economy-can fulfil customers＇ needs with considerably less resource consumption, less environmental impairment in production and considerably less end-of-life product waste, especially in situations of affluence, when a considerable stock of physical goods and infrastructures exists. Also, in situations of a scarcity of natural resources, both energy and materials, often characterised by rapidly rising resource prices, the economic actors of a circular economy have a high competitive advantage over the actors of the industrial economy, due to much lower procurement costs for materials and energy. From a social point of view, a circular economy increases the number of skilled jobs in regional enterprises. However, the shift from a linear manufacturing economy to a circular or service economy means a change in economic thinking from flow （throughput） management to stock （asset） management： in a manufacturing economy with largely unsaturated markets, total wealth increases through accumulation as resource throughput （flow） is transformed into a higher stock of goods of better quality （but in a manufacturing economy with largely saturated markets, wealth represented by the stock of goods will no longer increase）; in a circular or service economy, total wealth increases through a smart management of existing physical assets （stock） that are adapted to changes in both technology and customer demand. This second approach not only applies to physical capital but equally to social capital, such as health and education and green GDP. To measure the social wealth of a population, it is not the amount of money spent on schools and hospitals that matters, butif this expenditure has led to a better education of the students, and a better health of the people.     

浙江木材产业可持续发展分析

浙江是一个森林资源稀缺的区域,在面临森林资源稀缺的条件下,浙江木材产业发展却位居全国前列.论文首先从产业规模、产业组织和产业集聚三方面总续了浙江木材产业发展现状及特点;在此基础上,总结了浙江木材产业快速发展过程中面临的主要问题,诸如木材资源供给的不可持续性、木材产业经营成本不断上涨、国际市场与国内市场分割等.问题分析表明,木材资源的短缺已成为浙江木材产业发展的瓶颈,经营成本的上涨影响了浙江木材产业发展的动力,国内外市场分割限制了浙江木材产业的竞争范围,这直接影响到浙江木材产业的可持续发展.现代市场经济发展表明,产业可持续发展需要企业、行业协会以及政府的通力合作.最后,论文分别从企业、行业协会和政府三个层面提出了促进浙江木材产业可持续发展的对策建议.     

可持续发展与广东

最近,在南非约翰内斯堡召开的可持续发展世界首脑会议通过了主要文件——《执行计划》。这个文件的价值,在于就“促进经济发展的同时保护生态环境”发出了行动信号。与10年前里约联合国环发大会只提出一系列目标不同,《执行计划》不仅提出了明确目标,而且设立了相应时间表,显然,“重在行动”,已是人类达成的一项具有重大意义的“共识”。这项“共识”也必将直接影响众多的发展中国家和地区,我们看到,在中国经济规模最大的广东省,“可持续发展”已经被作为“增创新优势的三大战略”提了出来,并正在取得令人瞩目的成就。     

她们在世界可持续发展首脑会上

一位索马里农村妇女的故事 在南非约翰内斯堡召开的世界可持续发展首脑大会分为政府大会和非政府论坛。原则上,对于政府的大会,非政府代表凭证件是可以自由出入的。但这只是原则,因为大会召开后,会场管理人员常常以参会人数太多为由,要求非政府人员再排队领另外—个证件才能进入大会的主会场。因此,在开幕式当天,有不少非政府代表被拒之门外。 从索马里来的—位农村妇女就是他们当中的—位。这位妇女向许多代表说:“是全村400多人把我们一年的口粮换成路费才使我得以参加这次大会的。可是我来的第一天,就没能进到主会场。” 这位索马里妇女在路边向人们讲     

山东省矿产资源可持续利用面临的困境及解决途径

山东省正处于工业化的中期阶段。矿产资源可持续利用面临重大挑战。本文分析了我国矿业大省——山东省的矿产资源开发利用存在的问题。提出山东省提高矿产资源的保障能力、促进矿产资源可持续利用的对策建议。     

战略环评,方兴未艾

按照国家“西电东送”规划,今后几年,云贵两省交界的狭长地带要新建十余座火电厂。而国内二氧化硫污染较重的城市安顺、都匀,恰好就在那里。很多人担忧,如此大规模地集中新建火电厂会不会给当地脆弱的生态环境雪上加霜。显然,针对单个电厂做的建设项目环境影响评价,很难从总体上把握建造十余座电厂对这一地区的环境将产生怎样的影响。为此,专家们为“西电东送”所作的环境影响评价,不是针对单个电厂,而是面向整个规划。国际上把这种对政策、规划进行的环境影响评价称为“战略环境影响评价”,简称“战略环评”。     

因地制宜，创建可持续发展的生态示范区——仪征市生态建设的思路与实践

仪征市位于江苏省会城市南京和省辖市扬州之间,濒临长江黄金水道,区域总面积903平方公里,其中陆地面积827.1平方公里,总人口59.55万,2000年完成国内生产总值 60.49亿元,经济发展水平居江苏省中游。仪征隶属于扬州市,扬州市1999年被批准作为全国首批生态示范市建设试点。