原油降解微生物的16S rDNA序列研究

通过向原油中加入营养源的方法培养出降解菌体系,这些细菌能在21 d内将原油完全乳化降解,用红外光谱仪扫描降解后的原油,结果表明,图谱的4 000～4 500 cm-1和5 500～6 000 cm-1两处原油特征峰消失。采用细菌16S rDNA通用引物和PCR扩增等方法,构建原油降解菌体系16S rDNA克隆文库,从中随机挑选35个克隆子,进行序列测定(约800bp),测序结果进行BLAST比对。结果表明,变形杆菌纲(Proteobacteria)是原油降解体系中的优势微生物种群(65.7%),其中苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum sp.)、短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas sp.)和无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.)是重要原油降解菌。因此对16S rDNA克隆文库的分析揭示了宁波港原油降解菌株的组成,为以后利用此类细菌处理原油污染提供了重要依据。     

空分装置爆炸危险与防控分析

分析了空分装置可能发生设备爆炸的部位及形成爆炸的原因,指出碳氢化合物（尤其是乙炔）的积聚是导致空分装置爆炸的主要因素,提出了防止空分装置爆炸的安全防控措施。     

黄石沿江土壤镉的形态特征及生物可利用性

为了解黄石市沿长江冲积土壤中重金属镉直接和潜在的危害程度,为重金属污染防治提供科学依据,采用总量测定、Tessier连续提取法,分析研究了湖北黄石市沿江冲积土壤中重金属镉的总量及不同形态含量,镉含量采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定。结果表明,研究区土壤Cd全量都大于2mg/kg,不同形态Cd含量相对大小依次为残渣态铁锰氧化物结合态碳酸盐结合态有机物结合态离子交换态。其中残渣态占全量比例为58%,铁锰氧化物结合态为26%,碳酸盐结合态、有机物结合态、离子交换态分别为8%、4%和3%。可见研究区Cd的生物可利用态含量低,生物潜在可利用态较高,生物不可利用态含量最高;现有环境条件下的土壤Cd比较稳定,生物可利用性较低,对农作物的危害性较小。     

土地利用变化环境影响的可拓学评价

文章通过引入可拓学理论,对区域土地利用变化的环境影响进行评价。文章把物元模型、可拓集合和关联函数应用于武汉市黄陂区土地利用变化环境影响评价研究,建立黄陂区土地利用变化环境影响评价指标体系,并对土地利用变化的环境影响评价标准化和定级化。通过计算单指标关联度和综合关联度,确定评价体系各指标的影响程度以及综合影响程度,研究结果直观有效,能全面反应区域土地利用环境影响程度。     

Effects of combination of plant and microorganism on degradation of simazine in soil

The degradative characteristics of simazine （SIM）, microbial biomass carbon, plate counts of heterotrophic bacteria and most probably number （MPN） of SIM degraders in uninoculated non-rhizosphere soil, uninoculated rhizosphere soil, inoculated non- rhizosphere soil, and inoculated rhizosphere soil were measured. At the initial concentration of 20 mg SIM/kg soil, the half-lives of SIM in the four treated soils were measured to be 73.0, 52.9, 16.9, and 7.8 d, respectively, and corresponding kinetic data fitted first-order kinetics. The experimental results indicated that higher degradation rates of SIM were observed in rhizosphere soils, especially in inoculated rhizosphere soil. The degradative characteristics of SIM were closely related to microbial process. Vegetation could enhance the magnitude of rhizosphere microbial communities, microbial biomass content, and heterotrophic bacterial community, but did little to influence those community components responsible for SIM degradation. This suggested that rhizosphere soil inoculated with microorganisms-degrading target herbicides was a useful pathway to achieve rapid degradation of the herbicides in soil.     

Anaerobic BTEX degradation in soil bioaugmented with mixed consortia under nitrate reducing conditions

Different concentrations of BTEX, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers, were added into soil samples to investigate the anaerobic degradation potential by the augmented BTEX-adapted consortia under niwate reducing conditiom. All the BTEX substrates could be anaerobically biodegraded to non-detectable levels within 70 d when the initial concentrations were below 100 mg/kg in soil. Toluene was degraded faster than any other BTEX compounds, and the high-to-low order ofdegradation rates were toluene>ethylbenzene>m. xylene>o-xylene>benzene>P. xylene. Nitrite was accumulated with nitrate reduction. but the accumulation of nitrite had no inhibitory effect on the degradation of BTEX throughout the whole incubation. Indigenous bacteria in tIle soil could enhance the BTEX biodegradation ability of the enriched mixed bacteria. When the six BTEX compounds were simultaneously present in soil, there was no apparent inhibitory effect on their degradation with lower initial concentrations. Alternatively, benzene, o-xylene, and P-xylene degradation were inhibited with higher initial concentrations of 300 mg/kg. Higher BTEX biodegradation rates were observed in soil samples with the addition of sodium acetate compared to the presence of a single BTEX substrate. and the hypothesis of primary-substrate stimulation or cometabolic enhancement of BTEX biodegradation seems likely.     

石油污染土壤中芘高效降解菌群的筛选及降解特性研究

从长期受石油污染土壤中驯化筛选到能以芘为惟一碳源生长的混合菌群GP3,其主要由假单胞菌株GP3A（Pseudomonos sp．）和菌株GP3B（Pandoraea pnomenusa）组成。采用摇瓶振荡培养方法,研究了不同环境条件对混合菌GP3降解芘效能的影响。结果表明,在30℃,150r/min振荡培养下,混合菌GP3对15mg/L芘的7d降解率为90．6％。混合菌GP3降解芘的最适宜温度为35℃,最佳pH值为6．2。加入低浓度葡萄糖（100mg/L）或菲（10mg/L）作为共代谢底物,均可提高GP3对芘的降解率。混合菌对芘的降解速率（PDR）与芘的初始浓度呈正相关。研究重金属离子胁迫下GP3对芘的降解时发现。10mg/L Zn^2＋的存在对芘降解效能影响较小,Cu^2＋对芘的降解有抑制作用,Cd^2＋对混合菌GP3有很强的毒性。     

贵港市可利用水资源量及纳污能力研究

以贵港为研究对象,从水量水质角度采用考虑非汛期基流量和汛期弃水量的估算方法对该区域水资源可利用量进行了计算研究,从而避免因水资源过度开采引发的环境问题,并以水功能区规划为基础.对纳污能力进行了计算.结果表明,贵港市市区已无刺余纳污能力,需对污染物进行削减.     

微污染水源水深度处理技术研究

针对目前饮用水源水微污染问题,论述了国内外微污染水源水深度处理技术的新进展,展望了其发展趋势.     

偶氮染料生物降解机理的研究

运用紫外光谱、液相色谱与质谱研究了偶氮染料的降解过程.通过紫外光谱分析,以酸性红B为底物测定了偶氮还原酶的酶活.以甲基红为底物,分析了偶氮染料的降解机理.提出并验证了在偶氮染料还原过程中,存在一个加氢的中间体.