Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

Interspecific competition effects on phosphorus accumulation by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans

The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings. Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of phosphorus.     

Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue（MB） over Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light was investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM） equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS） system, Fourier transform infrared spectra（FT-IR）, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy（DRS）. The results show that the doping with Fe significantly promoted the light absorption ability of CaTiO3 in the visible light region. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than CaTiO3 for the degradation of MB.However, the photocatalytic activity of the Fe-doped CaTiO3 was greatly influenced by the calcination temperature during the preparation process. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 prepared at500°C exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with degradation of almost 100% MB（10 ppm）under UV-visible light for 180 min.     

Dyes adsorption using a synthetic carboxymethyl cellulose-acrylic acid adsorbent

Removal of noxious dyes is gaining public and technological attention. Herein grafting polymerization was employed to produce a novel adsorbent using acrylic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose for dye removal. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy verified the adsorbent formed under optimized reaction conditions. The removal ratio of adsorbent to Methyl Orange, Disperse Blue 2BLN and malachite green chloride reached to 84.2%, 79.6% and 99.9%, respectively. The greater agreement between the calculated and experimental results suggested that pseudo second-order kinetic model better represents the kinetic adsorption data. Equilibrium adsorptions of dyes were better explained by the Temkin isotherm. The results implied that this new cellulose-based absorbent had the universaiity for removal of dyes through the chemical adsorption mechanism.     

闽江口互花米草入侵过程对短叶茳芏沼泽沉积物硝化-反硝化作用的影响

2014年4、7、10月和2015年1月在闽江口鳝鱼滩湿地选择未被入侵的短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)群落(A)、互花米草入侵斑块边缘(B)以及互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵斑块中央(C)为研究对象,基于时空互代研究方法,探讨互花米草入侵序列下湿地沉积物硝化-反硝化变化规律.结果表明:在互花米草入侵序列中,湿地沉积物硝化速率为0.19~1.66μmol·m~(-2)·h~(-1),反硝化速率为12.41~27.19μmol·m~(-2)·h~(-1).沉积物硝化-反硝化作用存在明显的季节变化,硝化速率表现为夏季春季秋季冬季,反硝化速率表现为夏季秋季冬季春季;入侵不同状态下,沉积物硝化速率表现为BCA,反硝化速率表现为CBA.互花米草入侵提高了沉积物-水界面N_2O交换通量.互花米草入侵引起的沉积物pH、NH_4~+-N、含水量、容重和电导率等理化性质的改变是导致不同入侵阶段沉积物硝化-反硝化速率以及N_2O释放差异的重要原因.     

水热法制备玉米叶基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以农业废弃物玉米叶和玉米秆为原材料,采用水热法制备生物炭,通过批试验方法考察了接触时间、污染物初始浓度、生物炭投加量、反应体系温度及溶液p H值等因素对2种生物炭吸附亚甲基蓝的影响,并对吸附规律进行了探讨.吸附动力学拟合结果发现,准二级动力学能更好地拟合吸附过程(R~2=0.9986~0.9999);颗粒内扩散方程拟合结果表明,2种生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附由液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散2个过程控制.玉米叶基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附可以通过Freundlich方程来进行拟合(R~2=0.9898),说明吸附在生物炭表面是多分子层吸附过程;而玉米杆基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附更符合Langmuir方程(R~2=0.9825),说明吸附在生物炭表面是单分子层吸附过程.与玉米杆基生物炭相比,玉米叶基生物炭具有更好的吸附性能,拟合理论最大吸附量为玉米杆基生物炭的1.25倍.     

河道藻源胞内有机质光化学-生物降解机制

藻细胞破裂后会向水体释放大量的胞内有机质(intracellular dissolved organic matter, I-DOM)。I-DOM在河道中将经历复杂的光降解和生物降解过程,影响其在河道中的迁移转化和环境效应。为了探明光照和微生物对I-DOM的降解机制,开展了光降解、生物降解和光-生物降解实验。结果表明,I-DOM经7 d光降解和生物降解后,溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)的去除率分别为70%和81%;虽然光照1 d能去除38%的DOC,但后续生物降解(光-生物降解)与无光照生物降解对DOC的去除效率一致。进一步的研究表明,生物降解过程中的呼吸商(respiratory quotient, RQ)低于光-生物降解过程,说明相比于生物降解过程,光-生物降解过程中经光照后生物呼吸时所利用I-DOM的性质发生了改变,进而影响了生物呼吸时O₂的消耗和CO₂的产生。生物降解过程中微生物主要利用原始的I-DOM分子;而在光-生物降解过程中,生物降解过程的微生物主要利用经光降解转化后的I-DOM分子。...     

木麻黄凋落叶量及基质质量对离海距离的响应

精确估算因内部环境梯度带来的生态系统养分循环差异对评估生态系统生态功能十分重要。以惠安赤湖国有防护林场木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)凋落叶为研究对象,探讨不同离海距离环境梯度对木麻黄凋落叶量及基质质量的影响。结果表明:(1)木麻黄凋落叶年凋落量为(9.939±0.708) t·hm~(-2),木麻黄凋落叶量随着离海距离的增加因风力及林分密度对其影响而呈现单峰型。(2)海岸向陆地不同离海距离对凋落叶基质质量养分组分影响明显,不同离海距离凋落叶各养分含量及其变化幅度由高到低均为Ca、K、Mg和P,P、K和Mg含量随离海距离增加而降低,Ca含量随离海距离增加呈先增加后降低变化,除Ca元素外其他元素含量与离海距离之间存在极显著相关性(P0.01),其原因极有可能是叶的养分再吸收及土壤本底值差异所致。(3)不同离海距离对凋落叶基质质量养分组分在时间上的影响不显著,月气候变化对其影响显著。P、 K和Mg含量在不同梯度样地的月动态变化趋势相似,总体表现为波动变化,秋冬月份高于春夏月份。(4)元素之间的相互作用影响凋落物养分含量。Ca与其他元素之间相关性未达显著水平(P0.05),P、K以及P、Mg之间分别呈极显著正相关(P0.01),K、Mg之间呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。研究结果可为滨海沙地木麻黄人工林施肥等经营管理和保护提供理论依据。     

周丛生物腐解驱动水稻土溶解性有机质、铁、磷转化及耦合

周丛生物在稻田土-水界面上广泛存在,可通过多种途径影响土壤养分转化,但其生物质的腐烂分解对土壤中溶解性有机质(DOM)、铁和磷耦合关系的影响尚不清楚。通过开展微宇宙实验向水稻土中添加不同量的周丛生物,利用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法(FT-ICR MS)表征DOM分子组成,分析周丛生物腐解对水稻土DOM组分、Fe²⁺含量、氧化铁活化度(Fe_o/Fe_d)、不同形态磷含量的影响。结果表明,周丛生物的腐解显著提高土壤DOM含量,改变DOM不同组分占比,其中,单宁类物质相对丰度增加1.97%～9.74%。同时,土壤Fe²⁺含量显著增加,Fe_o/Fe_d升高,土壤还原性增强。此外,土壤无机磷含量增加,其中,磷酸铁盐(Fe-P)变化幅度最大,土壤磷的有效性增加。周丛生物腐解改变土壤DOM组分和铁形态,而DOM中单宁类物质等惰性组分可以通过影响矿物对磷的吸附来影响磷的有效性。主成分分析(PCA)结果表明,添加周丛生物腐解处理与对照之间DOM含量、单宁类物质相对丰度、磷酸铝...     

DPIV技术测量流冰速度应用研究

基于数字信号分析原理,对连续两幅图像进行互相关分析,寻找互相关函数的峰值;应用数字粒子图像测速(digital particle image velocimetry)技术,并通过计算机VC编程,解决了用于雷达测量单点流冰速度的不足;为大范围区域内流冰场瞬时速度的计算,实时雷达测量辽东湾海上流冰速度场提供了有应用价值的方法.