CTAB作用下绿色合成纳米铁的制备及降解孔雀绿

化学合成纳米铁存在成本高和二次污染等问题,探寻低成本、环境友好的合成方法是纳米技术在环境修复中的研究热点之一.本课题组前期采用绿茶提取液(GTE)还原Fe2+合成纳米铁颗粒(Fe NPs),发现GTE合成的Fe NPs易被氧化和团聚.本文采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对绿色合成纳米铁形貌和粒径进行改善,提高了纳米铁颗粒的分散性和抗氧化性.通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、UV-vis等表征手段对GTE合成的Fe NPs和CTAB作用下合成的Fe NPs的微观结构表征以及对孔雀绿降解效果对比表明:CTAB作用下合成的Fe NPs分散均匀,CTAB的包覆提高了Fe NPs的稳定性,从而提高了Fe NPs的反应活性.GTE合成的Fe NPs对孔雀绿的去除率为75.66%,而CTAB作用下绿色合成的Fe NPs的去除率高达91.06%.最后,提出了CTAB作用下GTE合成Fe NPs的可能机理.     

Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B bymicrowave-assisted hydrothermal synthesized N-doped titanate nanotubes

Microwave-induced nitrogen-doped titanate nanotubes（NTNTs） were characterized by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）, Zeta potential analysis,specific surface area（SBET）, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. TEM results indicate that NTNTs retain a tubular structure with a crystalline multiwall and have a length of several hundred nanometers after nitrogen doping. XRD findings demonstrate that the crystalline structure of NTNTs was dominated by anatase, which is favored for photocatalytic application. The Ti-O-N linkage observed in the XPS N 1s spectrum is mainly responsible for narrowing the band gap and eventually enhancing the visible light photoactivity. FT-IR results demonstrated the existence of H3O＋, which could be excited by photo-generated holes to form hydroxyl radicals and degrade environmental pollutants. After sintering at 350°C, the UV-Vis absorbance edges of NTNTs significantly shift to the visible-light region, which indicates N atom doping into the nanotubes. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B（RhB） via NTNTs show good efficiency, with pseudo first-order kinetic model rate constants of 3.7 × 10-3, 2.4 × 10-3and 8.0 × 10-4sec-1at pH 3, 7, and 11, respectively.     

福岛核事故后严重事故研究重点的探讨

正福岛核事故后,核电厂严重事故得到更多的重视,严重事故的研究重点也出现了一些变化。本文介绍了严重事故的基本概念、一般进程、主要现象之后,列举了相关核电厂严重事故的研究重点,并对各研究重点做了说明。2011年3月,日本大地震及其引起的海啸先后摧毁了福岛核电站多路供电设施,导致核电站堆芯缺乏冷却,燃料棒裸露、升温、损坏,造成了7级严重核事故。迄今,世界范围内核电厂严重事故共发生了三起,分别是1979年的美     

我国废弃磷酸铁锂电池的资源化研究

磷酸铁锂电池是国家大力推行的动力电池发展方向,其生产量和应用量逐年增加。预计到2021年,我国将有约9 400吨磷酸铁锂电池报废,但对于报废之后的电池处理处置,在回收体系、处理技术以及公民意识层面等都有待完善。主要介绍了以磷酸铁锂为正极材料的锂离子电池的基本情况,对比了磷酸铁锂的合成方法,总结了磷酸铁锂电池的回收特点,并针对其回收特点提出了一些资源化建议,以期对后续磷酸铁锂电池的资源化研究提供参考。     

有机高分子絮凝剂聚胺对聚合氯化铝的助凝作用

以环氧氯丙烷和二甲胺为主要原料合成聚胺,利用红外光谱进行了表征分析,并以其作为聚合氯化铝的助凝荆来处理黄浦江源水,考察了聚合氯化铝在聚胺的助凝作用下对浊度和有机物的去除.结果表明:助凝效果明显,浊度和有机物的去除效果都得到明显增加.     

俄美科学家首次合成第117号元素

据美国《纽约时报》4月7日报道,俄美科学家成功合成了一种拥有117个质子的新元素,它可能就是科学家一直寻找的第117号元素（ununseptium）,这将填补目前已被发现的第116号和118号元素之间缺失的“一环”：相关研究沧文将在近期出版的《物理评论快报》。     

阳离子高分子絮凝剂的合成及其在油田的应用

利用ASP以及其他助剂组成的复合引发体系,研究了在50℃下采用水溶液自由基聚合方式,得到了溶解性能好的阳离子均聚物PDMDAAC。考察了pH值、引发剂用量和单体浓度对阳离子均聚物黏度和阳离子度的影响。研究了PDMDAAC作为絮凝荆在油田污水处理中的应用。     

Process conditions for preparing methanol from cornstalk gas

The low-heat-value cornstalk gas produced in the down-flow fixed bed gasifier was tentatively used for methanol synthesis. The cornstalk gas was purified and the technical procedures such as deoxygenation, desulfurization, catalytic cracking of tar, purification and hydrogenation were studied. The catalytic experiments of methanol synthesis with cornstalk syngas were carried out in a tubular-flow integral and isothermal reactor. The effect of reaction temperature, pressure, catalyst types, catalyst particle size, syngas flow at entering end and composition of syngas was investigated. The optimum process conditions and yield of methanol from cornstalk syngas were obtained. The experimental results indicated that the proper catalyst for the synthetic reaction was C301 and the optimum catalyst size was 0.833 mm x 0.351 mm. The optimum operating temperature and pressure were found to be 235癈 and 5 MPa, respectively. The suitable syngas flow 0.9-1.10 mol/h at entering end was selected and the best composition of syngas were CO 10.49%, CO2 8.8%, N2 37.32%, CnHm 0.95% and H2 40.49%. The best methanol yield was 0.418 g/g cornstalk. This study provided the technical support for the industrial test of methanol production from biomass (cornstalk) gas.