聚硅酸铝盐系列絮凝剂的制备

摘要：硅酸钠、硫酸铝为原料制备了聚硅酸硫酸铝絮凝剂,在此基础上制备了不同Zn／Si摩尔比的聚硅酸硫酸铝锌絮凝剂及不同Mg／Si摩尔比的聚硅酸硫酸铝镁絮凝剂。结果表明：Zn／Si摩尔比和Mg／Si摩尔比是影响絮凝效果的最主要的因素。     

Biodegradation of Crystal Violet by Agrobacterium radiobacter

Agrobacterium radiobacter MTCC 8161 completely decolorized the Crystal Violet with 8 hr (10 mg/L) at static anoxic conditions. The decreased decolorization capability by A. radiobacter was observed, when the Crystal Violet concentration was increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. Semi-synthetic medium containing 1% yeast extract and 0.1% NH4Cl has shown 100% decolorization of Crystal Violet within 5 hr. A complete degradation of Crystal Violet by A. radiobacter was observed up to 7 cycles of repeated addition (10 mg/L). When the effect of increasing inoculum concentration on decolorization of Crystal Violet (100 mg/L) was studied, maximum decolorization was observed with 15% inoculum concentration. A significant increase in the activities of laccase (184%) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (300%) in cells obtained after decolorization indicated the involvement of these enzymes in decolorization process. The intermediates formed during the degradation of Crystal Violet were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). It was detected the presence of N,N,N′,N′′-tetramethylpararosaniline, [N; N-dimethylaminophenyl] [N-methylaminophenyl] benzophenone, N; N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-methyl amino phenol and phenol. We proposed the hypothetical metabolic pathway of Crystal Violet biodegradation by A. radiobacter. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity study showed that Crystal Violet biodegradation metabolites were less toxic to bacteria (A. radiobacter, P. aurugenosa and A. vinelandii) contributing to soil fertility and for four kinds of plants (Sorghum bicolor, Vigna radiata, Lens culinaris and Triticum aestivum) which are most sensitive, fast growing and commonly used in Indian agriculture.     

Application of waste frying oils in the biosynthesis of biodemulsifier by a demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1

Exploration of biodemulsifiers has become a new research aspect. Using waste frying oils (WFOs) as carbon source to synthesize biodemulsifiers has a potential prospect to decrease production cost and to improve the application of biodemulsifiers in the oilfield. In this study, a demulsifying strain, Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1, was investigated to synthesize a biodemulsifier using waste frying oils as carbon source. It was found that the increase of initial pH of culture medium could increase the biodemulsifier yield but decrease the demulsification ratio compared to that using paraffin as carbon source. In addition, a biodemulsifier produced by waste frying oils and paraffin as mixed carbon source had a lower demulsification capability compared with that produced by paraffin or waste frying oil as sole carbon source. Fed-batch fermentation of biodemulsifier using waste frying oils as supplementary carbon source was found to be a suitable method. Mechanism of waste frying oils utilization was studied by using tripalmitin, olein and tristearin as sole carbon sources to synthesize biodemulsifier. The results showed saturated long-chain fatty acid was difficult for S-XJ-1 to utilize but could effectively enhance the demulsification ability of the produced biodemulsifier. Moreover, FT-IR result showed that the demulsification capability of biodemulsifiers was associated with the content of C=O group and nitrogen element.     

Synthesis and adsorption performance of lead ion-imprinted micro-beads with combination of two functional monomers

Synthesis and high adsorption and selectivity performance of lead ion-imprinted micro-beads with combination of two functional monomers.     

氢氧直接合成过氧化氢反应研究进展

重要化工原料过氧化氢的绿色、高效、安全制备工艺一直是研究热点之一。由氢气和氧气直接化合制备过氧化氢法(DSHP)具有过程简单、成本低等优点,受到了广泛关注。本文从原子层面反应机理、催化剂中贵金属的选取和复配效应、载体的组成和空间构型、反应介质的组成以及反应器中的流动控制等5个方面,总结近十年在利用微反应器实现DSHP反应方面的进展,并对该工艺的发展方向做出展望。     

粉煤灰合成沸石对Cr~(3+)的去除能力及影响因素研究

研究了粉煤灰合成沸石对废水中Cr~(3+)的去除能力,分析了接触时间、pH、沸石投加量、Cr~(3+)初始浓度、温度等因素对Cr~(3+)过程吸附的影响.试验结果表明,合成沸石的主要成分为一种无名沸石.合成沸石对Cr~(3+)具有较快的吸附速度,吸附过程符合二级反应动力学.在pH 2.0~12.0范围内,合成沸石对Cr~(3+)都具有较高的去除效率.Cr~(3+)去除率随着沸石投加量的增加而增加,随着Cr~(3+)初始浓度的升高而降低.Langmuir等温线模型对吸附数据具有更好的非线性拟合效果,所得最大吸附量为111.7 mg·g-1.热力学研究表明吸附过程为吸热反应.与原沸石相比,利用Na Cl再生后的沸石的Cr~(3+)去除率下降11.42%~14.10%,但仍可循环利用.上述实验结果表明本文合成的沸石具有较好的除Cr~(3+)的应用潜力.     

绿色合成纳米铁同时去除水体中的Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)

植物提取液绿色合成纳米铁是用于环境修复最有潜力的技术之一.本文利用苦丁茶提取液绿色合成纳米铁(Fe NPs),考察了Fe NPs去除Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的性能,同时,比较了不同温度对Fe NPs去除Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的影响.结果表明,在p H=3.5、温度303 K、Fe NPs投加量为2.0 g·L-1的条件下,反应60 min后,Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)复合溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率为91.0%,Cd(Ⅱ)的去除率达31.4%,而单独的Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)溶液中,Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率高达93.8%,Cd(Ⅱ)的去除率高达41.7%.根据Fe NPs对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)反应前后的表征结果和Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)去除动力学的研究结果表明,Pb(Ⅱ)的去除反应遵循伪一级动力学,而Cd(Ⅱ)的去除遵循伪二级动力学,去除机理可能是Fe NPs对Pb(Ⅱ)起到还原、吸附作用,而对混合液中的Cd(Ⅱ)起到吸附作用.     

离子型表面活性剂改性绿色合成单分散纳米氧化铁的制备及其吸附磷的性能

由于绿色合成单分散纳米氧化铁(IONP)易团聚,本研究分别利用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为分散剂和稳定剂改善单分散纳米氧化铁的性能从而提高其对水体中磷的吸附.在磷酸根初始浓度20 mg·L-1,反应温度25℃的条件下,CTAB-IONP对磷酸根的去除率为92.47%,IONP对磷酸根的去除率为81.94%,SDS-IONP对磷的吸附率略微降低至79.38%.SEM表明IONP、CTAB-IONP,SDS-IONP的平均粒径依次约为180、90、60 nm.同时,EDS、UV-vis、FTIR和Zeta电位的结果说明这些表面活性剂改善了单分散纳米氧化铁的粒径,提高其分散度,改变其表面带电情况.此外,动力学结果均符合伪二级吸附动力学(R20.9).最后,表面活性剂具有调控绿色合成单分散纳米氧化铁活性的潜能,是绿色合成在原位环境修复中新的亮点.     

新型高效三次采油破乳剂的开发与应用

在原油开采的过程中,为了增强脱水率,需要使用破乳剂。实践表明,高效的破乳剂能够显著提升原油脱水率。鉴于此,研制开发新型高效的原油破乳剂对于石油开采意义重大。基于此点,本文首先简要分析了新型高效原油破乳剂应具备的性能,在此基础上新型高效破乳剂的开发与应用进行论述。期望通过本文研究能够对原油脱水效果的增强有所帮助。