基于模糊综合评价的燃气管道第三方破坏失效研究

针对燃气管道第三方破坏事故复杂的特点,基于层次分析和模糊数学的理论,计 算燃气管道第三方破坏风险失效的可能性。全面识别城镇燃气管道第三方破坏事故的危 害因素,构建包含56个基本事件的燃气管道第三方破坏故障树。利用模糊集合隶属函数 ,计算燃气管道发生第三方破坏事故基本事件的模糊概率。利用改进的层次分析法,得 出各专家权重并修正各专家的评估意见,计算管道第三方破坏失效的可能性。以某大型 省会城市燃气管道为例进行验证分析,证明该方法的风险评价结果与实际情况相符,可 为燃气公司安全风险防控提供依据。     

太湖西部入湖口沉积物中有机物分布及其潜在指示意义

太湖作为重要的工农业用水水源以及周边居民饮用水源,其水质安全受到高度关注。在太湖西部入湖口采集7个沉积物样品,研究了合成麝香、多环芳烃(PAHs)、有机磷酸酯阻燃剂/增塑剂(OPs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)含量水平和分布规律。研究结果表明,沉积物中多种污染物分布广泛,含量水平差异较大。其中,Σ15PAHs含量371 ng·g~(-1)~2.53$103ng·g~(-1),主要来源于生物质燃烧和化石燃料高温裂解;沉积物中检出4种多环麝香,主要组分为佳乐麝香(HHCB)(0.0792 ng·g~(-1)~1.17 ng·g~(-1))和吐纳麝香(AHTN)(0.123 ng·g~(-1)~1.29 ng·g~(-1)),它们指示了太湖水体已遭受一定程度生活污水输入影响;沉积物中Σ6OPs含量范围为1.63 ng·g~(-1)~21.9 ng·g~(-1),主要污染组分为磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)和磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP),并呈现明显的点源排放特征;沉积物中六六六系列(HCHs)(0.310 ng·g~(-1)~1.11 ng·g~(-1))和滴滴涕系列(DDTs)(0.551 ng·g~(-1)~6.40 ng·g~(-1))主要来源于历史残留。位于太滆流域的几个入湖口沉积物中多种污染物含量多高于浙江省辖区3个入湖口沉积物。     

Effect of seawater salinity on the synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash

A novel method for the synthesis of zeolite was developed in this paper. The synthesis was carried out by hydrothermal activation after alkali fusion and coal fly ash （CFA） was used as raw material with seawater of different salinities. Seawater salinity was varied from 32 to 88 for zeolite crystallization during the hydrothermal process. The results show that seawater salinity plays an important role in zeolite synthesis with CFA during hydrothermal treatment. The products were a mixture of NaX zeolite and hydroxysodalite; seawater salinity more strongly affected the crystallization than the type and chemical composition of the zeolites. The yield of CFA transformed into zeolite gradually rose with the increase in salinity, reaching a transformation rate of 48%--62% as the salinity increased from 32 to 88, respectively. The proposed method allows for the efficient disposal of by-products; therefore, the application of seawater in zeolite synthesis presents promising economic and ecological benefits.     

全球近期灾害录（2014.4.11-2014．6．10）

美国加州-巴士遭遇车祸 4月11日,一辆搭乘44名高中生的旅游巴士在从洛杉矶开往北加州的路途中发生车祸。车祸造成10人死亡,35人受伤。哈尔滨-小区发生燃气爆炸 4月12日,哈尔滨祥和家园9号楼4单元203室发生爆炸。     

Novel synthetic approaches and TWC catalytic performance of flower-like Pt/CeO2

A novel Ultrasonic Assisted Membrane Reduction （UAMR）-hydrothermal method was used to prepare flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts. The texture, physical/chemical properties, and reducibility of the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, Transmission Electron Microscope （TEM）, N2 adsorption, and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction （HE-TPR） techniques. The catalytic performance of the catalysts for treating automobile emission was studied relative to samples prepared by the conventional wetness impregnation method. The Pt/CeO2 catalysts fabricated by this novel method showed high specific surface area and metal dispersion, excellent three-way catalytic activity, and good thermal stability. The strong interaction between the Pt nanoparticles and CeO2 improved the thermal stability. The Ce4＋ ions were incorporated into the surfactant chains and the Pt nanoparticles were stabilized through an exchange reaction of the surface hydroxyl groups. The SEM results demonstrated that the Pt/CeO2 catalysts had a typical three-dimensional （3D） hierarchical porous struc- ture, which was favorable for surface reaction and enhanced the exposure degree of the Pt nanoparticles. In brief, the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts prepared by UAMR-hydrothermal method exhibited a higher Pt metal dispersion, smaller particle size, better three-way catalytic activity, and improved thermal stability versus conven- tional materials.     

Fenton法对合成制药废水的预处理试验研究

采用Fenton法对某合成制药废水进行了预处理试验研究,考察H2O2、Fe2+投加量及反应时间对废水CODCr、色度、NH4+-N去除效果的影响,重点分析了反应体系中有毒难降解有机污染物的变化情况。结果表明,当H2O2(30%)投加量为2%(体积分数),FeSO4.7H2O投加量为400mg/L,反应时间为60min时,废水CODCr、色度的去除率分别为67.73%和40.05%。通过GC-MS分析发现,该废水中含有多种脂类和苯环类等难降解有机污染物质,Fenton反应过程中出现了醇、酯、有机酸等较易降解的中间产物,随着反应的进行废水中苯环类、脂类等大分子有毒有机物得到大幅削减,废水的生物毒性大大降低,BOD/COD值由0.18上升至0.48,可生化性明显提高。     

多元联系数的集对分析法在城市燃气埋地管道系统危险性评价中的应用

城市燃气埋地管道系统中存在诸多不确定因素,集对分析是处理不确定性问题的系统分析方法,它将系统中确定与不确定因素作为一个整体进行处理。针对多元联系数集对分析评价方法存在的不足,讨论其使用条件,运用集对分析的多元联系数对系统的危险等级进行划分。为了减轻评价者的主观影响,根据评价专家的综合素质,对评价专家进行权重赋值。最后将评价结果与集对势相结合对系统的危险性进行综合分析,使得评价结果更符合系统的发展变化特点。     

甲醇储罐区火灾爆炸的危险性及消防设计探讨

正甲醇在现代化的生产生活中是一种重要的有机化工原料,应用广泛,其可以用来生产合成橡胶、对苯二甲酸二甲脂、甲胺、氯甲烷、甲基丙烯酸甲脂、醋酸、甲基叔丁基醚、甲醛等多种有机化工产品,而且还可以用来合成甲醇蛋白质。同时甲醇也是优质燃料,在进行深加工后可作为一种新型清洁燃料,甲醇掺烧汽油,在北美和西欧已合法化。     

基于PIC微控器的某合成反应釜安全监测系统的设计

本文基于化工自动化控制系统的设计理念,以某制药厂氯乙烯滴加反应釜为研究对象,介绍了以PIC微控器为核心,压力、温度为参数的安全监测系统的设计,并从系统的硬件设计以及软件编程两方面描述了系统的组成。     

城市管道燃气安全事故预防

<正>燃气作为清洁、高效、绿色的能源,已逐渐进入到了千家万户,对保护及改善环境,节能减排,低碳生活发挥着重要的作用。伴随着西气东输二线工程的全面投产,管网覆盖面扩大,用气户数增多,安全事故发生的几率也随之增大。2011年来,国内多个城市先后发生了多起燃气爆炸事故,给人民生命财产带来巨大损失,造成了恶劣的社会影响。本文以管道输送的城市燃气为研究对象,对国内城市燃气事故发