紫叶李叶片色素含量及叶绿素荧光动力学参数对SO2胁迫的响应

以盆栽紫叶李的2年生嫁接苗为试材,采用人工静态熏气装置分析了不同浓度SO2(0～22.8 mg·m-3)胁迫条件下(16d)紫叶李叶片光合色素含量及荧光动力学参数的变化情况.研究结果显示:在SO2浓度为5.7Mg·m-3的胁迫下,叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、Chla/Chlb、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量均比对照增加,在其它浓度处理下均减小,且与对照间差异显著(11.4mg-3m胁迫下叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素除外).在SO2浓度小于11.4mg·m-3时,紫叶李叶片花青苷和类黄酮含量随着胁迫强度的增强而增加(与对照间差异显著,P<0.01);而在SO2浓度大于11.4rag·m-3时则随着胁迫强度的增强而降低(与对照间差异显著,P<0.01).荧光动力学参数中,PSⅡ原初光能转化效率Fv/Fm随着胁迫强度的增强呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,PSlI潜在活性Fv/F.、光化学淬灭效率qP随着胁迫强度的增强而减小,而荧光非光化学淬灭效率gN 却随着胁迫强度的增强而增加.研究结果表明,紫叶李苗木在低浓度SO2 (小于11.4mg·m-3)胁迫下通过自身较强的保护系统使机体免受伤害;而在高浓度SO2(大于11.4rag·m-3)胁迫下通过增加qN耗散过剩的光能和提高qbPSⅡ消耗多余能量来保护光合器官免受损伤,但叶片的光合色素含量和其它荧光参数均受到不同程度的影响,紫叶李叶片受到伤害与PsⅡ反应中心失活有关.     

TTC-脱氢酶还原法测定藻细胞活性的优化与评价

TTC-脱氢酶还原法可用于藻细胞活性的测定,但藻细胞色素会对测定产生影响。实验结果显示,当4mL细胞密度为1．3×10^10个／L的藻样,在提取剂浓度大于60％时,色素在485nm处产生吸光度值迭0．35-0．52,对测定产生较大干扰。采用正已烷进行萃取,可去除部分色素干扰,能将色素产生吸光度值降到0．14-0．32。碱性物质会破坏色素,在乙醇提取剂中加入KOH或NaOH,可将色素产生吸光度值从0．14—0．32降到0．04～0．26,所加碱性物质最佳浓度为0．001M～0．01M,过高浓度会破坏TTC的还原产物三苯基甲腊（TPF）。色素去除的最佳条件是：使用含0．001M～0．01MKOH或NaOH的50％乙醇作为提取剂,提取TPF后,用正已烷进行萃取,色素所致吸光度值可从0．45降至0．04,基本将色素干扰去除。     

Responses of wheat seedlings to cadmium, mercury and trichlorobenzene stresses

The molecular response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.,cv.Yangmai 10) seedlings to heavy metal (Cd,Hg) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) stresses were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis,image analysis,and peptide mass fingerprinting.The results showed inhibitions of root and shoot growth by Cd,Hg and TCB.These stresses led to water deficit and lipid phosphorylation in the seedling which also promoted protein phophorylation in the leaves.Hg stress inhibited protein synthesis while Cd and TCB stresses induced or up-regulated more proteins in the leaves.Most of these induced proteins played important roles in the biochemical reactions involved in tolerance of wheat to Cd and TCB stresses.The primary functions of Cd- and TCB-induced proteins included methionine metabolism,Rubisco modification,protein phosphorylation regulation,protein configuration protection,H+ transmembrane transportation and also the synthesis of ethylene defense substances and cell wall compounds.     

基于风险的检测技术(RBI)在尿素合成装置中的应用

采用基于风险检测的(RBI)方法对尿素合成装置进行风险评估.根据风险评估结果对装置中的四大高压设备进行了风险排序,并给出了合适的检测措施,制定了基于RBI分析的优化的检验策略.通过评估,降低了设备的风险,提高了设备的检修效率,增加了企业的经济效益.     

白腐真菌细胞色素P450的诱导及检测方法研究

以CO结合差光谱为基本检测法,研究了白腐真菌黄孢原毛平革菌中细胞色素P450的诱导和适宜的分离检测方法.结果表明,正己烷对该真菌P450有显著的诱导作用,P450诱导量受正己烷浓度和诱导时间的影响,每小时投加正己烷2μL/mL、诱导6 h可使该真菌微粒体P450比浓度高达140~160 pmol/mg.在此基础上,本研究优化了分离P450时破碎细胞的方法以及光谱法检测P450的条件.破碎细胞时,采用高速分散结合玻璃研磨,比采用玻璃研磨、超声破碎和珠磨等方法分离的微粒体P450含量高1~5倍,是更为适宜的破碎方法.检测CO结合差光谱时,通气和还原条件对P450检测值有显著影响,较适宜的条件为:样品池和对照池分别通入等量的CO和N2,通气流量为3 mL/min(300μL样本),通气时间40 s;通气后投加还原剂低亚硫酸钠,投加浓度为0.4 mol/L.     

P450酶系对污染物的生物指示和催化降解机制

细胞色素P450酶系是广泛存在于不同生物体内的含有多种超家族CYP450血红素蛋白或相同结构域的一系列酶,是多组分电子传递链的终端氧化还原酶。最新研究发现,利用P450在生物体内的含量/活性与污染物浓度的定量响应关系可实现环境污染的早期预警和诊断,对环境污染的监测和预报具有重要意义。更重要的是,P450酶系被认为是生物对内源或外生污染物代谢途径的启动催化因子。P450的脱卤化、羧基化、脱烷基化、环氧化等催化作用在诱导污染物的分解代谢过程中起核心作用。本文综述了P450酶系的结构、催化过程和诱导抑制机理,分析了其在环境污染物的生物指示和催化降解中的应用进展,以便为利用P450进行环境预警和生物修复提供系统的理论和技术支持。     

了不起的化学区女消防员:一干就是16年!

上海市化学工业区位于杭州湾畔,地跨奉贤、金山两区,以石油化工为龙头,以精细化工和合成材料为发展重点,配套发展天然气化工,大力拓展石化深加工、新材料、电子化学品等产业链。在这样一个专业性极强的化工园区里,有一位女消防员扎根园区,一干就是16年。她,就是王永惠。     

Synthesis of polyaluminum chloride with a membrane reactor: Process characteristics and membrane fouling

Polyaluminum chloride was synthesized with a membrane reactor, and the process characteristics, membrane fouling and cleaning were investigated.     

Material conversion from paper sludge ash in NaOH solution to synthesize adsorbent for removal of Pb^2＋, NH^4＋ and PO4^3- from aqueous solution

Material conversion from paper sludge ash (PSA) in NaOH solution was attempted to synthesize the adsorbent for removal of inorganic pollutants, such as Pb2+, NH4 + and PO4 3?? from aqueous solution. PSA of 0.5 g was added into 10 mL of 3 mol/L NaOH solution, and then heated at 80, 120, and 160°C for 6–48 hr to obtain the product. PSA mainly composed of two crystalline phases, gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and amorphous phase. Hydroxysodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24 8H2O) was formed at 80°C, and anorthite dissolved, whereas gehlenite remained una ected. Katoite (Ca3Al2SiO4(OH)8) was formed over 120°C, and hydroxycancrinite (Na8(OH)2Al6Si6O24 2H2O) was formed at 160°C, due to the dissolution of both gehlenite and anorthite. Specific surface areas of the products were almost same and were higher than that of raw ash. Cation exchange capacities (CECs) of the products were also higher than that of raw ash, and CEC obtained at lower temperature was higher. Removal abilities of products for Pb2+, NH4 +, and PO4 3?? were higher than that of raw ash.With increasing reaction temperature, the removal e ciencies of Pb2+ and NH4 + decreased due to the decrease of CEC of the product, while removal e ciency for PO4 3?? was almost same. The concentrations of Si and Al in the solution and the crystalline phases in the solid during the reaction explain the formation of the product phases at each temperature.     

碳纳米管的制备方法及在环保领域中的应用

介绍了碳纳米管的结构和特性,综述了其主要的制备方法,介绍了碳纳米管在环境治理、环境分析和环境保护等领域的应用,这些应用主要基于碳纳米管本身优异的吸附性能和电化学机械性能,最后探讨了目前碳纳米管在制备和环境应用中所存在的问题.