膨润土对土壤腐殖质特性的影响

砂质土壤腐殖质含量低,影响了土壤肥力.文章通过田间条件下砂滤管试验,利用膨润土的吸附和粘结功能,研究了膨润土不同用量对土壤腐殖质特性的影响.结果表明:膨润土在促进松结态腐殖质分解、加速紧结态腐殖质合成方面发挥了重要作用,有利于增加土壤系统的内稳性.施用膨润土促进了紧结态和稳结态腐殖质中HA的积累,提高了HA/FA比.胡敏酸红外吸收光谱表明,膨润土能使其脂肪族物质增多、芳化度降低.膨润土具有提高土壤腐殖质含量,改善土壤腐殖质特性,从而提高了土壤肥力.     

Chemically modified silica gel with 1-{4-[(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)amino]phenyl}ethanone: Synthesis, characterization and application as an efficient and reusable solid phase extractant for selective removal of Zn(II) from mycorrhizal treated fly-ash samples

1-{4-[(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)amino]phenyl}ethanone functionalized silica gel was synthesized and used as a highly efficient, selective and reusable solid phase extractant for separation and preconcentration of trace amount of Zn(II) from environmental matrices. The adsorbent was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis,¹³C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and BET surface area analysis. The dependence of zinc extraction on various analytical parameters such as pH, type and amount of eluent, sample flow rate and interfering ions were investigated in detail. The material exhibited superior adsorption efficiency for Zn(II) with high metal loading capacity of 1.0 mmol/g under optimum conditions. After adsorption, the recovery (> 98%) of metal ions was accomplished using 1.0 mol/L HNO₃ as an eluent. The sorbent was also regenerated by microwave treatment in milder acidic environment (0.1 mol/L HNO₃). The lower detection limit and preconcentration factor of the present method were found out to be 0.04 μg/L and 312.5 respectively. The modified silica surface possessed excellent selectivity for the target analytes and the adsorption/desorption process remained effective for at least ten consecutive cycles. The optimized procedure was successfully implemented for the extraction of Zn(II) from mycorrhizal treated fly ash and pharmaceutical samples with reproducible results.     

季铵型树脂的合成及其对水中溴酸根及前驱物溴离子的吸附性能与机制

水中的溴离子(Br^-)和溴酸根离子(BrO₃^-)由于难挥发、易溶解、稳定性好而难以除去,因此,制备了一种对较低浓度的Br^-和BrO₃^-都有良好吸附去除效果的季铵碱树脂(Quaternary ammonium base resin,QABR)并表征了其物化结构.同时,考察了初始浓度、QABR投加量、溶液pH、离子强度、吸附接触时间和吸附温度等因素对QABR吸附Br^-和BrO₃^-性能的影响.结果表明,在0.05～4.00 mmol·L^-1浓度范围内,在298 K、pH=7.0时QABR对Br^-和BrO₃^-的吸附能力最佳,其最大吸附量分别为1.78 mmol·g^-1和1.65 mmol·g^-1;QABR对Br^-和BrO₃     

基于CFD模拟的混合菌群合成PHA工艺筛选机制分析

利用数值模拟方法,建立了活性污泥混合菌群合成PHA工艺中ADD与ADF模式反应器的流体有限元分析模型,同时基于固液二相流体理论对ADD和ADF模式的沉淀过程进行分析,探讨了物理选择压的产生原理和作用机制。模拟获得了沉淀过程中不同停留时间反应器内不同沉降速率等级活性污泥的分布规律,以及沿反应器竖向方向的污泥体积分数分布规律。结果表明:ADD模式下活性污泥在沉淀过程中可形成较为稳定的沉降性差异分层界线,反应开始10~15 min内在高度为0.6 m处污泥分布体积分数为0.75左右,可对PHA合成能力强的菌群提供较强的筛选作用。固液二相流体场的模拟结果促进了对物理选择压筛选作用机制的认识,可为ADD模式反应器参数优化研究提供理论依据。     

淀山湖水、沉积物和鱼体中的合成麝香及人体暴露评估

合成麝香是一类"类持久性"有机污染物,研究其在城市近郊湖泊的污染变化,可以更好地了解生活污染源对湖泊水环境的影响特点,为湖泊水环境研究积累更多基础数据.研究了上海近郊淀山湖水体、沉积物和鱼体中合成麝香的污染状况及其人体的暴露状况.结果表明,佳乐麝香(HHCB)是表层水和沉积物中的主要合成麝香类污染物,平均浓度为11.9 ng·L-1和0.98 ng·g-1干重.合成麝香在淀山湖野生鱼体中也有存在,主要污染物HHCB的中值浓度为122 ng·g-1脂重.淀山湖水环境的整体污染水平不高.表层水的合成麝香污染受到采样时间影响较明显,7月丰水期的表层水浓度偏低(Mann-Whitney U检验,p=0.000,p0.05);沉积物浓度随采样时间的变化并不十分明显.淀山湖进水区域采样点的污染程度普遍高于出水区域.淀山湖沉积物的HHCB浓度远小于底栖生物的无观察效应浓度(no observed effect concentration).经食物摄入(饮食、饮水)途径暴露的合成麝香量仅为0.90 ng·d-1·kg-1体重,显著低于因个人护理用品使用产生的皮肤暴露量.淀山湖水环境已受到合成麝香的影响,但污染水平较低,生态风险和健康影响很小.     

催化剂BiFeO3的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用水热合成法制备了不同煅烧温度下的可见光催化剂BiFeO3粉体,并进行了结构和光催化性能的测试.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱方法对制备的粉体的晶相结构、表面形貌、光学特性等进行了表征.结果表明,500℃下制备的BiFeO3的晶相最纯、粒径最小、可见光吸收范围广、存在Fe-O键的弯...     

一种新型高效复合溴基杀菌剂的研制及应用

介绍了溴类杀生剂的优势及国内外发展状况，溴基杀生剂DBNPA的实验室合成，工业放大以及现场应用效果等情况。     

Estrogenic activities of two synthetic pyrethroids and their metabolites

Synthetic pyrethroids(SPs) are among the most common pesticides in current use,and so far,several SPs have been assessed for their potential estrogenicities by various methods.Previous studies have shown that the estrogenicities partly come from their metabolites.Although considerable information is available with respect to the metabolism and environmental degradation of SPs,little is known about the estrogenicities of the metabolites.In this study,permethrin(PM) and β-cypermethrin(CP),as well as their metabolites(3-phenoxybenzoic alcohol(PBCOH),3-phenoxybenzaldehyde(PBCHO) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid(PBCOOH) were evaluated for their estrogenic activities in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line.In the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay,PM and CP exhibited significant estrogenic activities at 10-7 mol/L,comparable to 17β-estradiol(E2 ) of 10-9 mol/L,with the relative proliferative effect ratios of 55.4% and 56.3%,respectively.The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) results confirmed the estrogenicities of PM and CP with significant alteration of pS2 and ERα mRNA levels observed at 10-6 mol/L.For the three major metabolites,PBCOH and PBCOOH exhibited estrogenic activities in all assays,while no significant estrogenic responses was observed for PBCHO compared to the vehicle control.In particular,PBCOH had even slightly stronger estrogenic activity than its parent compounds,indicating that metabolism may be one of the reasons for the estrogenicities of the SPs.Given the widespread use of SPs,the toxicological effects of parent compounds and their metabolites should be taken into consideration in the risk assessment of SPs.     

苯基改性的介孔分子筛SBA-15的合成与表征

采用一步法在酸性条件下以聚乙氧基聚丙氧基聚乙氧基三嵌段共聚物(P123)为模板剂,用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和苯基三甲氧基硅烷(PTMS)直接缩合制备了苯基改性介孔分子筛Ph-SBA-15,并用红外光谱(FTIR)、小角X射线衍射(SAXRD)、热重分析(TGA)、透射电镜(TEM)和氮气吸附-脱附对样品进行了表征。结果表明,制备的样品不仅保持了高度有序的SBA-15的二维六角结构,而且具有较高的热稳定性,较大的比表面,孔容和孔径。     

Responses of wheat seedlings to cadmium, mercury and trichlorobenzene stresses

The molecular response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.,cv.Yangmai 10) seedlings to heavy metal (Cd,Hg) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) stresses were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis,image analysis,and peptide mass fingerprinting.The results showed inhibitions of root and shoot growth by Cd,Hg and TCB.These stresses led to water deficit and lipid phosphorylation in the seedling which also promoted protein phophorylation in the leaves.Hg stress inhibited protein synthesis while Cd and TCB stresses induced or up-regulated more proteins in the leaves.Most of these induced proteins played important roles in the biochemical reactions involved in tolerance of wheat to Cd and TCB stresses.The primary functions of Cd- and TCB-induced proteins included methionine metabolism,Rubisco modification,protein phosphorylation regulation,protein configuration protection,H+ transmembrane transportation and also the synthesis of ethylene defense substances and cell wall compounds.