废弃锂离子电池中金属的回收及钴酸锂的湿法合成

采用湿法回收并合成锂离子电池中钴酸锂。考察了不同的有机溶剂溶解粘结剂PVDF、不同酸浸条件对钴酸锂浸出效果的影响、碳酸钴和碳酸锂共沉淀物的焙烧条件,并对所获得的钴酸锂进行结构分析。结果表明,N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）作为溶解PVDF的溶剂效果最佳;当硫酸浓度6％、固液比1：30、30％的H2O：1．4mL／g、温度80℃、反应120min时为硫酸浸出最佳条件,此时钴的浸出率为92．3％,锂的浸出率为92．0％;合成LiCoO2时的焙烧温度在750℃较为合适。SEM分析表明,颗粒粒度小,分散性好。     

绿色阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸的制备与性能研究

采用马来酸酐与氨水进行溶液聚合的方法制备聚天冬氨酸,利用静态阻垢法评价了聚天冬氨酸的阻垢性能。结果表明:聚天冬氨酸对ρ(Ca2+)=300mg/L,ρ(HCO3-)=300mg/L的水样阻垢率可以达到90%以上;在ρ(HCO3-)低于400mg/L时,药剂的阻垢率可达到100%;当ρ(HCO3-)大于400mg/L后,药剂阻垢性能降低明显。聚天冬氨酸具有良好的生物降解性,生物降解率可以达到70%。     

羧基高交联淀粉阳离子交换剂的合成及应用

本文研究了以玉米淀粉为骨架用环氧氯丙烷交联制成高交联淀粉,进而和氯乙酸反应,得到在淀粉骨架上含有单—CH_2COO-基团的产物——羧甲基交联淀粉(CCMS)。并研究了CCMS在含重金属离子以及含苯胺废水处理方面的应用。     

Production and application of a novel bioflocculant by multiple-microorganism consortia using brewery wastewater as carbon source

The flocculating activity of a novel bioflocculant MMF1 produced by multiple-microorganism consortia MM1 was investigated. MM1 was composed of strain BAFRT4 identified as Staphylococcus sp. and strain CYGS1 identified as Pseudomonas sp. The flocculating activity of MMF1 isolated from the screening medium was 82.9%, which is remarkably higher than that of the bioflocculant produced by either of the strains under the same condition. Brewery wastewater was also used as the carbon source for MM1, and the cost-effective production medium for MM1 mainly comprised 1.0 L brewery water （chemical oxygen demand （COD） 5000 mg/L）, 0.5 g/L urea, 0.5 g/L yeast extract, and 0.2 g/L （NH4）2SO4. The optimal conditions for the production of MMF1 was inoculum size 2%, initial pH 6.0, cultivating temperature 30℃, and shaking speed 160 r/min, under which the flocculating activity of the MMF1 reached 96.8%. Fifteen grams of purified bioflocculant could be recovered from 1.0 L of fermentation broth. MMF1 was identified as a macromolecular substance containing both protein and polysaccharide. It showed good flocculating performance in treating indigotin printing and dyeing wastewater, and the maximal removal efficiencies of COD and chroma were 79.2% and 86.5%, respectively.     

活性污泥合成聚羟基烷酸(PHAs)的研究进展

聚羟基烷酸(PHAs)是微生物合成的作为碳源和能源的贮存物。PHA同时也是一种可完全生物降解的塑料,由于其良好的环境效应及机械性能,受到广泛关注。使用活性污泥及廉价基质合成PHA以降低生产成本有很好的应用前景。文章综述了活性污泥合成PHA的最新研究进展,包括活性污泥合成PHA的工艺、影响因素及提高PHA合成量的策略。     

晶化条件对SAPO分子筛合成及性能的影响

用水热晶化法合成SAPO分子筛 ,通过XRD分析表明 ,在原料及合成物料配比不变的条件下 ,采用不同的晶化时间和晶化温度可以合成出纯的SAPO 5分子筛、纯的SAPO 34分子筛以及SAPO 5和SAPO 34的混合物。以不同的SAPO分子筛为载体的催化剂在NO选择性还原为N2 反应中的催化性能也不同 ,并且耐湿热稳定性也不同。     

多氯二苯并-对-二噁英(PCDDs)半定量标准的制备

以热聚法合成,柱色谱纯化,配制了几种PCDDs的半定量标准,并对其进行了评价。     

合成塑料的生物降解性及其检测

前言近年来,大量合成塑料的生产和应用使得遗弃于环境中的塑料品量急剧增多,如田间遗弃的废农膜、铁路沿线遗弃的软包装饮料容器等。塑料品的环境污染、破坏生态平衡问题已为世人瞩目。由于大多数合成塑料是难于生物降解的,有人提出对未来的考古学家来说,塑料瓶和薄膜将成为二十世纪的“特征化石”。确实,遗弃的废塑料品的大     

Effect of bio-surfactant on municipal solid waste composting process

Bio-surfactant is a new type of surfactant that is produced in microbial metabolism. Adding bio-surfactant during composting process, especially to those contain some toxic substances, has been proved to be a promising way. In this study, Strains Ⅲ(2), a bacterial with high activity to produce bio-surfactant, were isolated firstly. Following comparison experiments with and without adding Strains Ⅲ(2), namely Run 1 and Run R, were conducted, respectively. The experimental results showed that, by adding Strains Ⅲ (2),the surface tension could reduce from 46.5 mN/m to 39.8 mN/m and the corresponding time to maintain the surface tension under 50 mN/m could prolong from 60 h to 90 h. The oxygen uptake rate and total accumulated oxygen consumption with Stains Ⅲ (2) were both higher than those without Strains Ⅲ (2), while the accumulation of H2S in outlet gas was reduced to around 50% of Run R. Moreover, two additional experiments were also carried out to examine the effects of strains coming from different systems. One is adding Strains Ⅲ (2)with a dose of 0.4% (Run 2), and the other is seedling commercial Strains at the same conditions, the composting experiments showed that: Run 2 was more effective than Run 3, because the commercial Strains can be suppressed significantly in a complex composting system with different pH, high temperature and some of metals. The bio-surfactant was also added into the solid waste, which contained some toxic substances, the corresponding results showed that the remove rate of Hg and sodium pentachlorophenolate(PCP-Na) could be improved highly. Thus, the microenvironment, reactionrate and composting quality could be enhanced effectively by adding bio-surfactant to the composting process.