钙化物在废弃物基活性炭制备过程中的影响

研究了以城市垃圾中3种典型的固体有机废弃物——锯木屑、纸张和塑料的热解产物（分别简称木炭、纸炭和塑料热解物）为原料,水蒸气为活化剂制备废弃物基活性炭时钙化物含量对活化过程、活性炭吸附性能（以碘值表征）及其孔结构的影响。结果表明,钙化物可加快活化反应的速度,且钙化物含量在1.5%时活化反应速度即已不再随钙化物含量的增加而增加;活性炭的吸附性能则随钙化物含量的增加而减少,同时钙化物对活性炭的孔径分布基本无影响,但降低了活性炭的比表面积、微孔孔容及中孔孔容;钙化物的2种前驱体（即CaO和Ca（OH）2）对活化过程具有相同的催化作用。     

典型电子垃圾拆解区大气中多溴联苯醚的污染

分别在典型电子垃圾拆解区(E)和其上风向参考点(S)采集了大气颗粒相和气相样品.以研究该区域大气中PBDEs的浓度水平、污染特征和气/固分布特点.分析过程中运用气相色谱.质谱联用仪,负化学离子源(GC-NCI-MS)检测了11种PBDEs结果表明,电子垃圾拆解造成r比较严蘑的PBDEs污染,三溴-十溴联苯醚的浓度范围为51.1～2 685 pg.m-3,(平均值830Pg.m-3),而对照区由于制衣行业的影响也造成了一定程度的PBDEs污染,三溴～十溴联苯醚的浓度范围为1.00-98.9Pg.m-3(平均值28.7 Pg.m-3).在气/固分布的研究中发现,不同的PBDEs在气相和颗粒相的分布比例相差很大,从低溴至高溴PBDEs在气相中的比例呈降低趋势,而在颗粒相中的比例呈上升趋势.电子垃圾拆解区以五溴.联苯醚污染为主,占∑11PBDEs总量的54.3%;而十溴-联苯醚污染次之,占∑11PBDEs总最的23.8%,该污染特征进一步证实了该地区电子垃圾的来源,不仅来自亚洲国家,而且还来自欧美等国家.     

Characterization of refuse landfill leachates of three di erent stages in landfill stabilization process

Landfill leachates with di erent ages (mature leachate, 11 years; semi-mature leachate, 5 years; fresh leachate, under operation) were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, Shanghai to characterize the colloid size distribution and variations of leachate. These leachates were separated using micro-filtration and ultra-filtration into specific size fractions, i.e., suspended particles (SP) (> 1.2 m), coarse colloids (CC) (1.2–0.45 m), fine colloids (FC) (0.45 m, 5 kDa/1 kDa molecular weight (MW)), and dissolved organic matters (DM, < 5 kDa/1 kDa MW). The specific colloids in each size fraction were quantified and characterized through chemical oxygen demands (COD), total solid (TS), pH, NH4 +-N, total organic carbon (TOC) and fixed solid (FS). It was found that COD, NH4 +-N and TS in leachate decreased significantly over ages, while pH increased. The dissolved fractions (< 5 kDa/1 kDa) dominated (over 50%) in three leachates in terms of COD, and the organic matter content in dissolved fraction of leachates decreased and the inorganic matter increased as the disposal time extended, with the TOC/COD ratio 30%–7%. Dissolved fractions decreased from 82% to 40% in terms of TOC as the disposal time extended, suggested that the organic matter remained in leachate would form into middle molecular weight substances during the degradation process.     

Role of the reduction site in the fluorinated or sulfated TiO2 photocatalytic process

In this article,the effects of TiO_2 surface fluorination and sulfation,on the active oxygen species formed at the reduction site in the photocatalytic process,namely O_2~(?) and H_2O_2,were investigated from a new perspective.The superoxide radical,(O_2~(?)),was determined by colorimetry of nitroblue tetrazolium,a prominent O_2~(?) scavenger.Hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) was estimated by using the iodide-starch method.In the naked TiO_2 photocatalysis,O_2~(?) though less reactive,was a very important intermediate.When the TiO_2 surface was fluorinated,more O_2~(?) and H_2O_2 were produced,which indicated that the surface modification could greatly reduce the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes,thus enhancing the photocatalytic rate.In the sulfated system,photocatalysis proceeded with a more complicated mechanism.These results added support to the view of fluoride-induced enhancement and sulfide's nonappreciable inhibition effect.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by surface fluorination in degradation of organic cationic compound

Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of TiO2 surface fluorination on the photodegradation of a representative organic cationic compound, Methylene Blue （MB）. The eleetropositive MB shows poor adsorption on TiO2 surface; its degradation performs a HO. radical-mediated mechanism. In the F-modified system, the kinetic reaction rate enlarged more than 2.5 fold that was attributed mainly to the accumulating adsorption of MB and the increased photogenerated hole available on the F-modified TiO2 surface.     

高危行业同类型同等级事件风险要素评价

为提高高危行业安全管理水平,研究风险要素的评价模型。借鉴作业条件危险性评价LEC法理论意义,针对其主观性和间接性太强的缺憾进行了实质性地改进。同时,通过给出风险源强度评估模型及各风险要素强度评估模型,设计同类型同等级事件风险要素的风险贡献度模型。在此基础上,结合改进后的LEC法,建立同类型同等级事件风险要素的风险值模型,风险警戒标准模型以及风险警戒状态模型。验证结果表明:所建模型对风险要素的评价与实际情况较为吻合。     

假单胞茵胞内酶粗提液对藻毒素MCLR的降解

对比研究了假单胞菌M-6及其细胞内外提取液对微囊藻毒素-LR(MCLR)的降解效率.结果表明,细胞外提取液对藻毒素没有降解作用,胞内酶粗提液能在24h内降解MCLR,日均MCLR降解率是纯菌株M-6的4.7倍.进而研究了酶蛋白浓度、底物MCLR浓度、pH值及环境温度对胞内酶粗提液降解藻毒素效率的影响.当MCLR浓度为15.0mg·l~(-1)时,MCLR适宜的酶促降解反应条件为:酶蛋白浓度280mg·l~(-1),温度为30℃,反应pH值为7.0.MCLR液相色谱结构变化图表明,至少有3种酶参与了胞内酶粗提液降解MCLR的分子过程.     

重庆砚石台矿难追踪:22条生命的追问

<正>"几小时前,大家还欢欢喜喜坐一辆车下井,哪知道30多个人就出来我们几个……"日前,躺在重庆南桐矿业公司总医院病床上的砚石台煤矿绞车工尹晗(化名)眼含泪水,回忆起矿难发生时的那一幕,陷入了一种难以名状的悲戚。讲述矿难至今心有余悸今年50岁的尹晗原本是砚石台煤     

脉冲电晕放电降解CH2Cl2的初步研究

对高压脉冲电晕放电降解ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２进行初步研究,比较了正负脉冲电晕降解的活性,正脉冲电晕优于负脉冲电晕。探讨了脉冲形成电容Ｃｐ之值及反应器的电晕线材料对降解反应活性的影响。为进一步提高室温下ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２的降解,在反应器中加入ＢａＴｉＯ３为催化剂,在高压脉冲电场下,ＢａＴｉＯ３受激产生局部电晕,增强了电晕放电流性,提高了反应活性,ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２的转化率达９０％以上。     

拉萨裂腹鱼在藏木和加查鱼道基于基因交流的过坝需求及其受到的遗传选择

为了解拉萨裂腹鱼(Schizothorax waltoni)在藏木和加查鱼道基于基因交流的过坝需求及其受到的遗传选择,采用线粒体Cyt b基因序列分析来自藏木水电站坝址上游(ZMBS)、藏木鱼道(ZMYD)、藏木水电站坝址下游(ZMBX)、加查鱼道(JCYD)和加查水电站坝址下游(JCBX)5个群体共220尾拉萨裂腹鱼的遗传多样性及遗传结构。结果表明：(1)藏木水电站和加查水电站坝址上游与下游拉萨裂腹鱼群体(ZMBS、ZMBX和JCBX)遗传多样性水平相近(H_d((ZMBS))=0.868,P_i((ZMBS))=0.004 16;H_d((ZMBX))=0.825,P_i((ZMBX))=0.003 88;H_d((JCBX))=0.833,P_i((JCBX))=0.003 70),两两群体间基因交流频繁(25.23<|N