ECHA就镉、铅和壬基酚行动征求意见

正2013年12月19日ECHA发起了多项与限制相关的信息征求和意见征询。它们包括:1)一次关于由ECHA提出的一项修订关于油漆中的镉及其化合物的现行限制(附录17第23条的一部分)的提议的意见征询。针对该提议的评议应在2014年6月17日前提交给ECHA;2)一项关于针对壬基酚(NP)和羟乙基壬基酚酯(NPE)的提议限制的额外信息征求,以帮助社会经济分析委     

延迟焦化装置含硫污水减量化实践

在分析160×10~4t/a延迟焦化装置含硫污水来源及减量化潜力基础上,通过采取优化加热炉注汽量、调整焦炭塔吹汽量、降低分馏塔汽提蒸汽量、回用含硫污水汽提净化水等管理和技术措施,装置节约了蒸汽消耗,源头减少了含硫污水产生量,增加了含硫污水汽提净化水回用量,年经济效益达460万元。     

废气中铅烟(尘)排放浓度测量分析的不确定度

通过对废气中铅及其化合物排放浓度测量的过程分析,将环境污染源监测中现场采样与实验室分析有机结合,分析并评定监测全过程的不确定度,为提高废气中污染物排放测量的准确性提供了科学的依据.     

六种有机物在亚/超临界水中氧化的反应动力学研究

为了给超临界水氧化设备工业化应用提供指导思路,本文设计制作了一套连续化的超临界水氧化仿工业化装置(压力为24MPa,H2O2过氧量倍数为3倍),选取甲基红、靛红、苯磺酸、对氨基苯磺酸、对二甲氨基苯甲醛、2,4-二硝基苯肼6种芳香烃化合物进行了从亚临界过渡到超临界状态下的水氧化试验,并以总有机碳(TOC)为表征研究了6种化合物的去除效果,以幂指数方程描述了6种化合物从亚临界到超临界的反应动力学参数。结果表明:6种有机物在亚临界至超临界点时间段内,反应物TOC的浓度随时间的变化呈现良好的线性下降趋势,且在亚临界状态下,足够的反应停留时间就能取得较好的TOC去除效果,而在超临界状态下,反应过程十分迅速,在较短的反应时间内也会取得较好的TOC去除效果,但随着反应时间的增加,在几分钟之内,TOC的去除率随时间的变化还是较为明显;6种有机物的反应活化能介于26.2～54.341kJ/mol之间,表明不同结构化合物SCWO反应的温度升高效应不同。     

污水生物脱氮工艺分析

本文通过生物脱氮原理的简要分析,详细论述了实践中常用的活性污泥法、缺氧—好氧活性污泥两种脱氮工艺.     

长期暴露于全氟十三酸的青鳉鱼体内分布和生物富集

研究了将青鳉鱼长期暴露于不同浓度的全氟羧酸类物质全氟十三酸(PFTriDA)后的器官分布和富集系数.结果显示, PFTriDA最高富集在性腺;其次是卵、肝脏;浓度最低的部分是残体.除了性腺之外,该器官分布与野生中华鲟的一致.在相同暴露浓度下,雄鱼体内各器官的PFTriDA的含量高于雌鱼,机理模型计算进一步表明高母子传递系数是造成雌雄差异的可能原因.随着PFTriDA暴露浓度的升高,鱼体内同一器官的生物富集系数(BCF)呈现下降趋势.     

青岛大气气溶胶中氨基化合物的分布特征

氨基化合物是大气气溶胶和雨水中常被检出的一类有机氮化合物,由于其可作为生物生长直接的氮源,因此可能对海洋生态系统产生直接作用.利用2008年1～12月在青岛采集的66个总悬浮颗粒物样品,采用邻苯二甲醛/N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸柱前衍生高效液相色谱法,分析了其中溶解态(DAC)和颗粒态氨基化合物(PAC)的浓度.气溶胶中DAC浓度为2.4～40.9nmol·m-3,在春季最高,夏季次之,秋季、冬季最低.PAC浓度为0.7～76.1nmol·m-3,呈现春季冬季秋季夏季的变化趋势.不同季节氨基化合物的组成不同.依据气团的后向轨迹,气溶胶样品可分为受北方陆源、南方陆源和海洋源影响,DAC和PAC在受南方陆源影响的气溶胶中浓度最高,北方陆源次之,海洋源气溶胶中最低.不同来源的气溶胶中氨基化合物的组成不同,蛋白质类氨基化合物对总氨基化合物的贡献在海洋源气溶胶中最高,在南方源气溶胶中最低.     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

Modeling the influence of ethanol on the adsorption and desorption of selected BTEX compounds on bentonite and kaolin

The study investigated the effects of ethanol on the adsorption properties of bentonite and kaolin for benzene and toluene removal.     

Beyond hypoxia：Occurrence and characteristics of black blooms due to the decomposition of the submerged plant Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake

Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black blooms that were induced by Potamogeton crispus in Lake Taihu, China. The main physical and chemical characteristics, including color- and odor-related substances, of the black blooms were analyzed. The black blooms were characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentration(close to 0 mg/L), low oxidation-reduction potential, and relatively low pH of overlying water. Notably higher Fe2+and∑S2-were found in the black-bloom waters than in waters not affected by black blooms. The black color of the water may be attributable to the high concentration of these elements, as black FeS was considered to be the main substance causing the black color of blooms in freshwater lakes. Volatile organic sulfur compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, were very abundant in the black-bloom waters. The massive anoxic degradation of dead Potamogeton crispus plants released dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were the main odor-causing compounds in the black blooms. The black blooms also induced an increase in ammonium nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus levels in the overlying waters. This extreme phenomenon not only heavily influenced the original lake ecosystem but also greatly changed the cycling of Fe, S, and nutrients in the water column.