你知道汽车如何智能调速吗？

不少汽车驾驶员都知道卫星定位设备，它能对道路上摄像头和测速仪的位置进行报警，提醒驾驶员注意遵守交通规则。但它的设计初衷使它不但不能敦促驾驶员遵守教规，反而使他们更加肆无忌惮地驾驶汽车。然而，天使与恶魔往往只有一步之遥。同样利用卫星定位系统，瑞典最近开发出一套“智能速度调节（ISA）”系统，能自动调节汽车速度使车辆全程遵守限速规定。     

冰川消融速度比过去350年快100倍

英国阿伯里斯特维斯大学教授研究小组利用冰碛（冰川留下的碎片）的蔓延开发了一套复杂的冰量流失计算方法。他们得出的结论认为，     

上海启动世博园区安保专项培训 2500余名民警受训

上海市公安局2月22日启动上海世博会园区公安民警安保专项培训。上海公安机关将连续举办三期世博园区公安民警安保专项培训班,每期培训为时一周,轮     

外源Ca2+对SBR启动期活性污泥胞外多聚物的动态影响

利用无机物如Ca~(2+),加快活性污泥反应器启动,强化活性污泥絮体性能和结构稳定性,受到越来越多的重视.采用序批式反应器,研究进水中添加Ca~(2+)对反应器启动期活性污泥沉降性能和胞外多聚物的影响.结果表明运行至28 d,与进水中不添加Ca~(2+)的反应器(对照反应器)相比,进水中添加150 mg·L~(-1)外源Ca~(2+)的反应器中活性污泥MLSS和MLVSS值分别高出了89.6%和75.6%,SVI值则降低了47.9%;活性污泥胞外多聚物总量增加了76.4%,多糖增加了28.8%,蛋白质减少了31.6%,添加150 mg·L~(-1)外源Ca~(2+)的反应器中污泥胞外多聚物中多糖/蛋白质值为68.8,对照反应器的活性污泥胞外多聚物多糖/蛋白质值仅为36.6.三维荧光光谱和红外光谱分析表明外源Ca~(2+)导致活性污泥胞外多聚物组分发生了变化.实验结果为进水中添加外源Ca~(2+)改善活性污泥沉降性能提供了基础数据.     

有机负荷条件对间歇式气提内循环反应器中好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响

在R1、R2和R3共3组气提式内循环序批式反应器中启动好氧颗粒污泥工艺,探讨在无选择压作用下有机负荷对好氧颗粒污泥的形成及稳定性的影响.其中,R1、R2分别以7 kg.(m3.d)-1和3 kg.(m3.d)-1的目标COD负荷直接启动,R3以1.5kg.(m3.d)-1逐步增加至3 kg.(m3.d)-1的递增COD负荷方式启动.结果表明,3组反应器在启动期中均能快速形成好氧颗粒污泥,但以目标负荷启动方式易使好氧颗粒污泥反应器产生丝状菌污泥膨胀.通过对颗粒形成过程、粒径、性质以及胞外多聚物等指标分析,认为递增负荷的启动方式可有效抑制启动初期丝状菌污泥膨胀,且形成的颗粒更为稳定,生物降解效率更高.     

短程深度脱氮中试工艺的低温启动和维持

试验采用有效体积为7.0 m3的SBR中试反应器处理生活污水,考察了低温条件下短程深度脱氮工艺的启动方法及稳定性.利用基于鼓风机频率(BF)和pH的实时控制策略对SBR系统进行实时控制.结果表明,SBR系统在低温条件(11～16℃)和50 d内快速启动短程深度脱氮工艺,亚硝酸盐积累率从19.8%上升到90%.在中低温条件(9～28℃)下短程深度脱氮性能维持长达550 d,亚硝酸盐积累率始终维持在95%左右,出水TN浓度维持在3 mg·L-1,TN去除率维持在95%以上.由此可见,低温下启动SBR短程深度脱氮工艺并长期维持完全可行.     

Critical velocity in phosphorus exchange processes across the sediment-water interface

Sediments are ultimate sinks of nutrients in lakes that record the pollution history evolutionary processes, and anthropogenic activities of a lake. However, sediments are considered as inner sources of environmental factor changes such as the variation in hydrodynamic conditions because of the nutrients they release. How does this process happen？ This study investigates a typical nutrient phosphorus （P） exchange among sediment, suspended particle matter （SPM）, and water. Compared with numerical and experimental studies, this study confirms that the critical velocity that occurs at a lower flow rate state exists in the range of 7 to 15 crn/sec. Critical velocity below the critical flow rate promotes the migration of particulate phosphorus （PP） to the SPM. On the other hand, critical velocity above the critical flow rate promotes the release of PP in water.     

“节能周”话全民节能 写在2012年天津节能宣传周活动启动之际

2012年全国节能宣传周活动13日启动,这是天津市第二十一个节能宣传周。今年的节能宣传周对天津市而言有特别的意义,不仅是贯彻国家《"十二五"节能减排全民行动实施方案》的第一个节能宣传周,也是继天津获得国家节能核查组评定为超额完成等级的第一个节能周。可以说,我们在参与这次节能周时的心情是骄傲、自豪、自信的。还记得"十一五"规划明确提出,要把节约资源作为基本国策,我们天津出色完成了"十一五"任务,"十二五",国家下达天津的单位生产总值能耗考核目标为下降18%,比全国多下降节能两个百分点。这是突破当前资源环境瓶颈、保持     

建设可持续基础设施,支持城市未来发展

目前全球超过50%的人口居住在城市.20世纪,城市区域不断扩大,其扩展速度更甚于人口增长速度.城市对资源的需求量以及对自然环境的影响不断上升,城市社会也不断演变,多元化的文化、高密度的人口、日益增长的服务需求,使得人类城市系统越加复杂.城市系统与基础设施体系互相影响,在基础设施的设计、建设和管理过程中必须考虑社会和环境的因素,同时也要为未来城市发展留出余地.     

Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day 12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL (0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits.