Irrigation quotas for high water use efficiency and economic water productivity of typical crops in Shiyang River Basin北大核心CSCD

Water consumption in agricultural activities is the main water use in inland oases in Northwest China. Research on water conservation in agriculture is of great significance to alleviate the conflict between the use of agricultural and ecological water and is of great importance to local farmers’ livelihoods. This study, based on traditional irrigation practices (flood irrigation and fixed irrigation frequency) of Minqin County in Shiyang River Basion, was designed to reveal the impacts of five irrigation quotas (1 800, 1 440, 1 080, 720, and 360 m3/hm2) on crop yield, biomass, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and economic water productivity (EWP) to determine the optimal irrigation for five crops and guide local irrigation practices. The results showed that: (1) Under the five irrigation quotas, IWUE of corn, with the highest of 12.27 kg/m3, was higher than the other four crops; (2) The average EWP of cotton with a 2-year-average of 8.0 yuan/m3 was higher than the other four crops. Thus, the economic output of cotton is the best under the same irrigation quota; (3) Considering the yield, IWUE, EWP, and biomass, corn was better than the other four typical crops; and (4) 1 080 m3/hm2 was the optimal irrigation quota for sunflower in local planting practices. In addition, 720 m3/hm2 was suitable for corn, pepper, wheat, and cotton as their irrigation quota. This study shows that reducing the amount of irrigation quota in the Shiyang River Basin can effectively improve local IWUE and EWP. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

雄安新区唐河污水库残留污染物对地下水水化学动态的作用机制

唐河污水库位于雄安新区白洋淀西侧,污水库渗漏和污水灌溉历时长达40 a,包气带中累积大量污染物.识别污水渗漏和灌溉复合系统残留污染物对地下水水化学动态的作用机制,对雄安新区的水环境保护至关重要.利用水化学离子示踪及改进的氯碱指数等水文地球化学方法,解析浅层地下水水化学时空特征及演化机制.结果表明,污水库区地下水水化学类型为SO₄ ·HCO₃-Na型,平均污水混合比例为48.4%,阳离子交替吸附作用和岩盐溶解作用分别为地下水提供了29.9%和8.6%的钠离子;污灌区地下水水化学类型为SO₄ ·HCO₃-Na ·Mg型,平均污水混合比例为58.3%,阳离子交替吸附作用降低了地下水中8.1%的钠离子;降水和灌溉水的混合稀释作用导致残留污水混合比例和矿物饱和指数降低,促进地下水中钠离子与土壤胶体吸附的钙镁离子的交换作用.含水层反硝化作用能有效减少地下水硝酸盐污染.此外,污水库修复前后污水比例分别为61.5%和49.3%.污水渗漏和灌溉复合系统中长期滞留的污染物将在降雨和灌溉模式驱动下以不同程度的污水物理混合和水岩相互作用持续影响浅层地下水水质.     

云南某大型水库及其灌区水温影响研究

云南某大型水库为季调节水库.采用宽度平均的立面二维水温数学模型对典型平水年的水库水温分布、下泄水温及其灌溉干渠沿程水温进行了预测和分析,结果表明:该水库水温结构呈过渡型水温结构和季节性水温分层现象,其中2—5月存在表层温跃层,分层现象较明显,垂向最大温差3.3℃.水库运行对下游水温过程有一定程度的春夏季低温水影响.下泄...