灾变性事件引起的消费品产业链价格波及效应研究

为了研究地震等灾变性事件对于消费品产业链内价格传递和市场的影响,本文利用从2008年2月至2009年3月四川省江油市畜产业链进行实证研究,使用向量纠错模型（VECM）和历史分解图（HDG）分析了价格调整的动态效果和沿产业链的因果关系。结果表明,价格的调整关于速度和大小都是不对称的,外生震荡对于该产业链的不同层面产生不同影响,导致价格差益的扩大和价格不完全传递。该方法能够有效地分析灾变事件条件下消费品产业链内价格波及效应问题。     

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by calcium alginate immobilized kaolin

Kaolin has been widely used as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. However, the lower heavy metal adsorption capacity of kaolin limits its practical application. A novel environmental friendly material, calcium alginate immobilized kaolin (kaolin/CA), was prepared using a sol-gel method. The e ects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature on Cu2+ adsorption by kaolin/CA were investigated. The Langmuir isotherm was used to describe the experimental adsorption, the maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of the kaolin/CA reached up to 53.63 mg/g. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous and endothermic process.     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.     

重金属离子快速检测技术研究与应用进展

在突发环境污染事件和区域生态风险筛查中迫切需要环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术手段。环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术有电化学方法和生物学方法。电化学检测方法主要是阳极溶出伏安法(AnodicStripping Voltammetry,ASV),可以同时检测多种重金属离子,有标准化认证的产品,但是检测成本相对较高。随着纳米粒子技术(Nanoparticles,NPs)和石英微天平分析技术(Quartz Crystal Microbalance,QCM)的引入,ASV法的检测成本将不断降低;生物检测方法包括免疫检测(Immunoassay,IA)和功能DNA(Functional DNA)检测技术。重金属离子的免疫检测技术样品通量大,检测成本低,已经广泛用于食品行业,其中汞离子的免疫检测方法已经成为环境样品标准检测方法之一。免疫检测传感器技术将拓展重金属离子的快速检测的应用空间。功能DNA传感器检测的研究为重金属离子的快速检测提供了新的技术手段,但是这些仅限于实验室研究,还没有达到实际应用的水平。     

你的健康是否在受重金属的威胁？

矿产资源滥挖滥采造成的农田重金属污染,目前在我国不少省区已到了触目惊心的地步,因此最近国务院正式批复了由环保部制定的《重金属污染综合防治＂十二五＂规划》,给公众带来了更多的期待。据《规划》起草人之一、环保部环境规划院副院长吴舜泽透露,五大重点防控行业是指重有色金属矿采选业、重有色金属冶炼业、铅蓄电池制造业、皮革及其制品业、化学原料及化学制品制造业。     

苯酚对活性污泥活性及微型动物群落结构的影响

为了探究苯酚对污泥活性及微型动物群落结构的影响,以SBR工艺的活性污泥为研究对象,分析苯酚对污泥TTC-ETS活性、INT-ETS活性和微型动物群落结构及其动态变化的影响.结果表明,污泥TTC-ETS活性较之INT-ETS活性能够更有效表征有机毒害物质苯酚对污泥活性的影响,且随着进水苯酚浓度的增大,苯酚对污泥活性的抑制越明显:进水浓度在50mg·L-1时,苯酚对污泥活性的抑制率为(20.75±10.43)%.进水苯酚浓度为100 mg·L-1时,抑制率为(39.73±26.92)%,且波动较大.在300 mg·L-1进水运行后期,苯酚对污泥活性的抑制率稳定在40%左右;苯酚对活性污泥微型动物群落结构的影响随浓度的增大而增大,且对不同微型动物类群影响不同:在低浓度苯酚进水条件下,只有单个微型动物类群(有壳变形虫)受到明显的抑制,而当浓度增大至100 mg·L-1和300 mg·L-1时,对多个微型动物类群(固着型纤毛虫、有壳变形虫、匍匐型纤毛虫、肉食性纤毛虫等)产生抑制,对少数类群(鞭毛虫、线虫等)产生促进作用;苯酚影响下的污泥活性与微型动物之间存在一定的关联性,针棘匣壳虫(Centropyxis aculeata)、多变斜板虫(Plagiocampa mutabilis)等可作为含酚废水处理过程中污泥活性低的指示生物,湖累枝虫(Epistylis lacustris)、软波豆虫(Bodo lens)、跳侧滴虫(Pleuromonas jaculans)等可作为污泥活性高的指示生物.     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

超声波处理含油污水的物性实验探究

利用超声波处理含工业废机油的污水,阐述了超声波对裂解含油污水中油分子的作用主要是超声波的空化作用。在空化作用产生空化泡后,在局部形成瞬间的高温高压并进而产生强烈冲击波使得泡体周围的油分子键断裂,形成自由基,而后随着超声波的机械效应在污水表面形成一层大分子薄油膜,达到裂解复杂油分子除油的作用。文章通过实验得到了超声波的作用时间、超声功率和频率(40 kHz和28 kHz)对污水作用后对污水粘度和裂解效果的影响。实验表明:在频率相同的情况下,随着功率的增加,污水的粘度下降不断加快,裂解效果先增加后降低,约在70 W左右出现最大值;而在相同功率时间下频率为40 kHz的超声波比28 kHz的超声波作用含油污水后对粘度和裂解效果的影响更大;随着超声时间的增加,污水的粘度和裂解效果将持续下降,但是存在临界值。     

德国工厂实践“互联网化”第四次工业革命开端

如果有人说“工厂会解决当前全球面临的问题”,您可能会觉得这是在说大话。但现在真有一个国家正在努力实现这一宏伟概念,这个国家就是德国。 现在,德国政府提出了高技术战略“工业4．0”,并开始推进这个产官学一体项目。如果用一个词来概括这个概念,那就是“互联工厂”。     

辽宁围绕主线突出重点保障生态安全

正今年辽宁环保系统将围绕三条主线和突出十一个重点,全力保障生态安全,推进美丽辽宁建设。2013年,辽宁省强力推进蓝天工程,圆满完成全运会、世园会、大连夏季达沃斯论坛空气质量保障工作;巩固辽河摘帽成果,开展污水处理厂稳定