细菌X07吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

从不同来源的样品中分离出一株吸附Cr(Ⅵ)较强的菌株X07,经鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus.cereus)。通过吸附实验探讨了X07死菌体对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性,结果表明,X07死菌体吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的最适pH值为6.0;其吸附Cr(Ⅵ)是一个快速、非温度依赖过程,吸附50min达到饱和,在最初的5min内,吸附量达到最大吸附量的76.8%;菌体浓度的增加有利于对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附:其吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型,在试验的条件下,对Cr(Ⅵ)的饱和吸附容量为146.9mg/g干菌体。     

好氧反硝化芽孢杆菌筛选及其反硝化特性

从对虾养殖池塘中筛选出多株具有好氧反硝化性能的芽孢杆菌,其中芽孢杆菌YX-6能够在14 h内将ρ(亚硝酸盐氮)由10 mg/L降至0;ρ(DO)为5.2～5.8 mg/L时,该菌对亚硝酸盐氮的去除率接近100%.试验选取具有降氮功能的芽孢杆菌作为阳性对照菌,比较研究了芽孢杆菌YX-6在不同pH,温度,ρ(亚硝酸盐氮)和盐度时的好氧反硝化性能.结果表明,芽孢杆菌YX-6的好氧反硝化性能显著高于阳性对照菌(P<0.05).通过对芽孢杆菌YX-6的形态学观察、生理生化及16S rDNA分子鉴定,初步鉴定其为凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)      

微生物对水-沉积物中苯并[a]芘-镉复合污染修复的研究

从广东汕头贵屿镇的沉积物中分离得到1株对PAHs有较好降解能力且有较强重金属耐受性的菌株（简称B4）,菌种鉴定表明该菌为氧化节杆菌属。以土著微生物、处理方式、沉积物、修复时间等为不同的影响因子对该菌修复水体/沉积物中苯并[a]芘（BaP）-镉（Cd）复合污染进行了初步研究。结果表明：该菌同时具有降解BaP和吸附Cd的性能;土著微生物对BaP有一定的降解能力,并能显著促进B4降解BaP,当体系中BaP质量浓度为1.00 mg.L-1时,降解率达到了68.3%;Cd的吸附却因土著微生物的存在发生一定程度的解吸。振荡培养对BaP的降解效果略优于静止培养修复,而静止修复却更有利于Cd的去除。沉积物促进体系Cd的吸附,却减弱了菌种对BaP的降解。在静止培养修复中,BaP的降解主要发生在7 d以前,降解率保持在35%左右,此时Cd的去除效果亦较好。     

水稻RBX1基因cDNA的分离及其过量表达载体对水稻的转化

RBX1蛋白是基于Cullin蛋白的E3复合体中的一个亚基,对于基于Cullin蛋白的E3复合体结合E2及Cullin蛋白的活化具有重要作用.利用RT-PCR分离到水稻RBX1cDNA,序列比对分析显示,水稻RBX1与拟南芥、人、果蝇及酵母中该同源蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性分别为80%、74.4%、72%和51.2%.酵母双杂交实验显示,水稻RBX1与水稻Cullin4蛋白有着相互作用.将水稻RBX1cDNA插入植物表达质粒pHB,利用农杆菌介导法将构建好的植物表达载体导入水稻,获得植株38株.以基因组DNA为模板对潮霉素抗性基因片段进行扩增,初步确定其中32株为转基因植株.图5表1参17     

Biodegradation of 2-naphthol and its metabolites by coupling Aspergillus niger with Bacillus subtilis

To explore biodegradation of 2-naphthol and its metabolites accumulated in wastewater treatment, a series of bio-degradation experiments were conducted. Two main metabolites of 2-naphthol, 1,2-naphthalene-diol and 1,2-naphthoquinone, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography with standards. Combining fungus Aspergillus niger with bacterium Bacillus subtilis in the treatment enhanced 2-naphthol degradation e ciency, lowered the accumulation of the two toxic metabolites. There were two main phases during the degradation process by the kinetic analysis: 2-naphthol was first partly degraded by the fungus, producing labile and easily accumulated metabolites, and then the metabolites were mainly degraded by the bacterium, attested by the degradation processes of 1,2-naphthalene-diol and 1,2-naphthoquinone as sole source of carbon and energy. Sodium succinate, as a co-metabolic substrate, was the most suitable compound for the continuous degradation. The optimum concentration of 2-naphthol was 50 mg/L. The overall 2-naphthol degradation rate was 92%, and the CODCr removal rate was 80% on day 10. These results indicated that high degradation rate of 2-naphthol should not be considered as the sole desirable criterion for the bioremediation of 2-naphtholcontaminated soils/wastewater.     

Anaerobic benzene biodegradation by a pure bacterial culture of Bacillus cereus under nitrate reducing conditions

A pure culture using benzene as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated by screening procedure from gasoline contaminated soil. The analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence, morphological and physiological characteristics showed that the isolated strain was a member of genus Bacillus cereus. The biodegradation performance of benzene by B. cereus was evaluated, and the results showed that benzene could be e ciently biodegraded when the initial benzene concentration was below 150 mg/L. The metabolites of anaerobic nitrate-dependent benzene oxidation by strain B. cereus were identified as phenol and benzoate. The results of substrate interaction between binary combinations for benzene, phenol and benzoate showed that the simultaneous presence of benzene stimulated the degradation of benzoate, whereas the addition of benzene inhibited the degradation of phenol. Benzene degradation by B. cereus was enhanced by the addition of phenol and benzoate, the enhanced e ects were more pronounced at higher concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the isolated bacterial culture of B. cereus can e ciently degraded benzene under nitrate reducing conditions.     

1株嗜酸硫杆菌的分离鉴定及其对污染底泥中重金属的去除效果

采用常规细菌分离方法,从河流底泥中筛选到1株细菌FD97,通过序批式摇瓶培养考察了不同温度下(22~40℃)该菌株对污染底泥中Zn、Cu和Cr的去除效果.结果表明,形态学和16S rDNA序列同源性分析鉴定菌株FD97为嗜酸硫杆菌属(Acidithiobacillussp.).在22~40℃条件下,以Acidithiobacillussp.FD97为主要菌株的生物沥浸作用可有效去除污染底泥中Zn、Cu和Cr.沥浸处理16 d,Zn、Cu和Cr的去除率可分别达70%、90%和25%.从底泥pH值变化、SO42-产生以及重金属去除率角度衡量不同温度的底泥沥浸处理效果依次为:34℃28℃≈40℃22℃.控温28℃较适宜今后的实际应用.底泥重金属生物沥浸去除率的大小与底泥pH值变化密切相关,与温度无直接关系.当底泥pH值降至5.0、3.5和2.5时,底泥中Zn、Cu和Cr分别开始溶出,pH值降为2.0,重金属去除率达最大.     

Alcaligenes sp. XJ-T-1利用废弃油脂生产破乳剂研究

生物破乳剂是一种应用于油水乳状液分离的新型破乳剂.本研究对筛选得到的1株高效破乳剂产生菌XJ-T-1（鉴定结果为Alcaligenes sp.）代谢产生的生物破乳剂进行了理化性质、破乳能力和废弃油脂利用能力分析.采用废弃油脂Ⅱ为碳源,可提高生物破乳剂产量4.6倍,XJ-T-1在以液体石蜡和废弃油脂培养8　d后该菌能使水的表面张力从72 mN/m下降到32 mN/m, CMC-1分别为10、 20;以液体石蜡为碳源培养得到的生物破乳剂在油包水型、水包油型模型乳状液的破乳率分别达到了96%、 50%;而以废弃油脂Ⅱ为碳源培养得到的生物破乳剂的破乳率分别为97.8%、 65％;采用煤油脱出率、乳状液脱除率和水脱出率3种评价方式对破乳效果评价发现生物破乳剂最先作用于乳状液的连续相;采用TLC和IR对废弃油脂生产破乳剂得到的破乳剂有效成分进行鉴定,结果为脂肽与石蜡培养产物相同.     

Isolation of marine benzo[a]pyrene-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 and proteins characterization

A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene) as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.     

适应菲胁迫的高效聚磷菌筛选及聚磷特性研究

采用平板法分离菌株、蓝斑筛选和聚磷培养液除磷能力验证3种方法相结合,从太湖底泥样品中分离到2株能够利用菲的高效聚磷菌Y11和Y4-2,经形态观察、生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定为不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter sp.）.通过固体平板和液体培养的方法对2株不动杆菌的环境适应能力和聚磷、除磷能力进行了测定,结果显示,2菌株的生长温度范围均为10～35℃,菌株Y11的pH范围为6～9,菌株Y4-2的pH范围为6～8;高磷浓度对菌株Y11的生长没有抑制作用,但对菌株Y4-2的生长产生一定的抑制作用;Y11和Y4-2能在以菲为唯一碳源（50 mg/L）的无机盐平板上良好生长,对菲有一定的适应性.菌株Y11和Y4-2在30℃,170　r/min,1%接种量（体积分数,菌悬液D₆₀₀ =0.4）的条件下,2 mg/L磷浓度的聚磷培养液中最大聚磷率分别为96.13%和94.65%,培养液的磷浓度由2 mg/L分别降至0.08 mg/L和0.11 mg/L;5 mg/L磷浓度的聚磷培养液中最大聚磷率分别为95.94%和71.19%,培养液的磷浓度由5 mg/L分别降至0.20 mg/L和1.44 mg/L;8 mg/L磷浓度的聚磷培养液中最大聚磷率分别为71.24%和47.81%,培养液的磷浓度由8 mg/L分别降至2.30 mg/L和4.18 mg/L.使用2菌株处理云南滇池污水（磷含量为1.01 mg/L）,30℃,170　r/min,4%接种量（菌悬液D₆₀₀ =0.4）条件下,菌株Y11处理6　h后磷浓度由1.01 mg/L降至0.06 mg/L,菌株Y4-2处理48　h后磷浓度由1.01 mg/L降至0.06 mg/L.研究结果表明,菌株Y11和Y4-2对环境的适应性较强,均能高效、快速地降低聚磷培养液和云南滇池水体的磷浓度,不动杆菌Y11的除磷能力和环境适应性都大于菌株Y4-2,菌株Y11适用于南方和北方含磷较高的、菲污染的各种富营养化水体修复,菌株Y4-2更适用于pH8.0以下、低磷和菲污染的富营养化水体修复.