Relation between some variations of soil and surface vegetatio and desertization in agriculture-pasture interlacing zone an example from Kangbao County,North Hebei,China

The studied agriculture-pasture interlacing zone has its specific natural conditions,at which the natural systems are unstable ,their self-regulation capability is low and the equilibrium is easily broken, and hence the habitat is fairly vulnerable.During last 20 years the increasing population and livestock ,over-reclamation,over-pasturing,over-deforesting, and other intensified negative human activities in the zone resulted in coarsening of surface soil,decrease of organic mater content in soil, reduction of vegetation coverage ,variation and degradation of flora structure, and hence in desertization of the land, although average of gales and sandstorms some decreased and the climate tended to be better in the region.However, the frequent sandstorms occurring in the springs of last and present years has attracted much attention.Investigations confirmed that the main cause for the phenomena is the unreasonable human activites rater than the natural factors.     

云南土壤钴元素背景值及其特征研究

对云南省土壤钴元素背景值进行了采样分析,结果显示:云南土壤钴元素含量呈对数正态分布,中位值16.0mg/kg,几何均值14.88mg/kg,95%置信区间0.92~41.17mg/kg,背景值高于全国,接近南方部分地区。并对其特征进行了研究。     

影响土壤重金属生物毒性的若干因子

本文应用发光细菌法探讨了土壤类型、粘土矿物、无定形金属氧化物、吸附剂对重金属纯溶液以及重金属污染土壤的降毒效应.红壤、砖红壤对Cu、Cd、Pb呈现负的降毒效应,而对As具有明显的降毒作用.黑土、黄棕壤对供试阳离子金属具有明显的降毒效应,对As降毒却不明显.试验证明粘土矿物及其组成是影响土壤重金属毒性的最基本因素.无定形氧化锰对供试阳离子金属的降毒能力大于无定形氧化铁,对As的效应二者则相反.不同吸附剂对Cu、Cd、Pb呈现基本相同的降毒顺序,即炉烟灰>活性炭>泥炭>干活性污泥,不同配比吸附剂对红壤添加性阳离子和东乡铜矿污染土壤均具有明显的降毒作用.添加吸附剂的东乡铜矿污染土壤随着土壤溶液毒性的消除,随之也消除或减轻了其对水稻种芽的急性毒害.     

防止土壤污染和地下水污染的措施

非点源污染的特点是污染源极其分散,排污渠道多,污染与雨水漫流密切相关。分散污染的作用机理十分复杂,目前尚未弄清。分散污染源主要来自农业活动、城市排放的污水、运输业和储罐冲洗液及大气尘埃。有些地区,过量开采含水层地下水,引起了咸水入侵。     

大气污染物来源的分析研究

本文定量分析了石家庄市大气环境中总悬浮颗粒物（ＴＳＰ）的来源，并从行业排放分类，定量估算了石家庄市各行业年二氧化硫（ＳＯ２）排放负荷。计算出石家庄市区的尘污染主要来自地面尘和煤烟尘，并对市区１２个行业的二氧化硫年排放量作了排序。     

内蒙土壤环境背景值属性分类

本文用模糊聚类分析方法对内蒙古自治区环境土壤背景值现状进行综合归类，求得环境土壤背景属住全层分类，并通过对各层分类水平值λ的判断，可选择不同相似系数的档次来归类。为内蒙地区的土壤分类和综合规划与合理利用土地资源提供科学依据。