土壤改良材料在非点源污染控制中的应用初探

研究表明,从源头上控制径流污染物是一种经济有效的方法.土壤改良材料不仅可以提高土壤的质地和入渗性能,而且可以减少径流中污染物的输出.文章从经济、环保和生态角度,分类论述了目前国内外几种常用的土壤改良材料,并对研究成果进行剖析,试图对土壤改良材料作为非点源污染源区促渗材料的应用前景进行探索,并为废弃物资源化利用提供一种新的思路.     

利用高浓度有机废水生产微生物叶面肥

通过对利用高浓度有机废水生产微生物叶面肥全过程的实验研究提出了对高浓度有机废水的前处理、菌种筛选、培养条件的优化等一系列的实验结果，生产出的叶面肥经过田间试验效果显著。为高浓度有机废水处理开辟了一条新途径，同时为农业上改善土壤板结，发展绿色食品生产提供了有效的肥料。     

The effects of land use and its patterns on soil properties in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau

Due to relatively strong human activities in the hilly area of Loess Plateau,the natural vegetation has been destroyed,and landscape pattern based on agricultural land matrix was land use mosaic composing of shrub land,grassland,woolland and orchard.This pattern has an important effect on soil moisture and soil nutrients.The Danangou catchment,a typical small catchment,was selected to study the effects of land use and its patterns on soil moisture and nutrients in this paper.The results are as follows:The comparisons of soil moisture among seven land uses for wet year and dry year were performed:(1)the average of soil moisture content for whole catchment was 12.11% in wet year,while it was 9.37% in dry year;(2)soil moisture among seven land uses was significantly different in dry year,but not in wet year;(3) form wet year to dry year,the profile type of soil moisture changed from decreasing type to fluctuation-type and from fluctuant type to increasing type;(4)the increasing trend in soil moisture from the top to foot of hillslope occurred in simple land use along slope,while complicated distribution of soil moisture was observed in multiple land uses along slope.The relationships between soil nutrients and land uses and landscape positions were analysed:(1)five nutrient contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total N(TN),available N(AN),total P(TP) and available P(AP) in hilly area were lower than that in other areas.SOM content was less than 1%,TN content less than 0.07%,and TP fallow land and cropland,and higher level in soil fertility was found in crop-fruit intercropping land among croplands;(3)soil nutrient distribution and responses to landscape positions were variable depending on slope and the location of land use types.     

医疗废物焚烧残余物固化技术初探

根据对医疗废物焚烧残余物中有毒有害物质的化验分析结果,确定焚烧残余物中有毒有害成分含量仍较高,部分指标超出标准值,必须对其进行稳定化/固化处理,避免对土壤及地下水环境造成污染.本文阐述了稳定化/固化处理原理及处理工艺,使医疗废物无害化、减量化和资源化的处理原则得以全面实现.     

大同市土地退化现状与动态变化研究

通过对大同市水土流失现状与动态变化、土地盐渍化和耕地数量与质量情况动态变化、土地沙漠化现状与动态变化的现状调查来分析大同市土地退化的主要成因以及采取的环境保护对策与建议.     

热解析气相色谱法测定土壤中苯系物

建立了用热解析气相色谱法测定土壤中苯系物的方法.采用保留时间定性,外标法定量.方法检出限分别为:苯1.8 μg·L-1、甲苯3.5 μg·L-1、乙苯7.0 μg·L-1、间二甲苯8.6 μg·L-1、对二甲苯8.6 μg·L-1、邻二甲苯9.8 μg·L-1、苯乙烯10.0 μg·L-1;加标回收率在79%～100%之间,相对标准偏差为1.5%～3.9%.方法操作简便,快速,灵敏度高,能适应现代化的应急监测.     

土壤中钼的形态分析方法研究

本文对土壤中有效钼的浸取条件进行最佳化，并利用提高灰化温度达到消除浸取剂对石墨炉原子吸收测定钼的影响，方法用于国标样品和武汉市区土壤样品中钼的形态分析，获得满意的分析结果。     

小麦重金属含量与土壤质量之间关系研究

《淮安市绿色食品基地调查以及相关研究》课题资料研究表明，小麦中各部分重金属分布是根＜茎叶＜籽粒。营养在向上输送的过程中，根系和茎叶对重金属污染物产生明显的截留作用，重金属元素被小麦吸收的难易程度分别为砷＞汞＞镉＞铅＞锰＞铬＞铜＞锌；在小麦能检出的重金属中，其含量与土壤中的含量成正相关关系，但是相关关系不显著。