水头镇农田土壤及稻米重金属污染评价

为了研究水头制革污染区域土壤和稻米重金属污染状况,采集该区城农田土壤、稻米样品,测定重金属As、Hg、Pb、Cr、Cd含量。结果表明：农田土壤重金属的平均含量分别为As6．1mg·kg^-1、Hg0．15mg·kg^-1、Pb51．3mg·kg^-1、Cr77mg·kg^-1、Cd0．32rag·kg^-1,其中Cd超过国家二级标准的6％,土壤已经受到了重金属的污染。以国家食品卫生标准中规定的重金属限量为标准：稻米cd含量部分超标,超标率为60％。土壤和稻米中的Cd含量相关性显著。     

天津市土壤环境保护现状问题分析及建议研究

土壤污染防治是当前环境保护工作的重点和难点.目前,天津市土壤环境总体较好,但历史污灌区及部分工业迹地等局部区域重金属及有机污染突出.根据天津市工农业及城镇发展的历史及现状,从工业企业排污、历史污水灌溉及污泥施用、农业粗放生产以及城镇的快速发展四个方面分析了天津市土壤污染的主要来源,指明了当前土壤环境保护工作面临着新土壤污染问题的有效管控与历史污染土壤修复与治理的双重重点任务;并结合当前形势分析,提出了未来加强土壤环境保护工作的对策与建议.     

土壤污染综合防治先行区推进路线图设计

按照《土壤污染防治行动计划》部署,为在土壤污染源头预防、风险管控、治理与修复、监管能力建设等方面进行探索,逐步形成一套可复制、可推广的土壤污染防治有效模式,各省(市、区)相继启动建设了一批土壤污染综合防治先行区。面对土壤污染防治基础薄弱、涉及主体广泛,污染治理难度大、周期长、投入高的实际问题,如何有效推进先行区建设,加快解决区域突出土壤环境问题,真正发挥先行区先行先试的示范带动作用,成为有关地方政府亟需解决的重大问题。本文以国家支持推进的六个先行区为重点,系统提出了先行区内涵定位、推进思路、阶段划分、建设任务和工作机制,以期为各地全面推进先行区建设提供参考。     

我国土壤环境风险管控制度体系构建路径

《土壤污染防治行动计划》将“预防为主,保护优先,风险管控”正式确立为土壤污染防治工作必须遵循的总原则和实施土壤环境管理必须全面贯彻的主线思维.对环境质量尚好的土壤采取严格保护措施,预防其受到污染,是必须坚持的优先策略.对已经受到污染的土壤,基于土地用途,分类采取风险管控措施,是实现土壤资源安全利用的主要举措.本文在系统总结国际土壤环境风险管控经验和做法基础上,从立法、标准、调查、信息化平台构建、风险管控技术路线设计、科研基础支撑、责任落实等关键环节,提出了构建我国土壤环境风险管控体系的总体思路和实施路径.     

燃煤工业区不同土地利用类型土壤汞含量污染评价

为揭示黄土高原燃煤工业区不同土地利用方式下土壤Hg污染特征及空间变异程度,以山西省忻州市西部7县为研究区域,采用地累积指数、潜在生态风险指数、健康风险模型和地理探测器等对该区域不同土地利用类型中的Hg含量进行污染及健康风险评价.结果表明,耕地、草地、林地和居住用地中ω（Hg）均值分别为0.48、 0.34、 0.58和0.52mg·kg^-1,耕地、草地、林地和居住用地中Hg平均值分别为背景值的16、 11.33、 19.33和17.33倍,变异系数大小为：居住用地>耕地>草地>林地.地累积指数与潜在生态风险指数评价结果表明,研究区整体受Hg污染生态风险程度较为严重,局部区域存在极强污染.健康风险评价结果表明研究区Hg对儿童和成人均不存在非致癌健康风险.因子探测结果表明耕地Hg的空间变异性主要受工农业生产影响,草地Hg主要受土壤有机质和pH值影响,林地Hg主要受土壤盐分的影响,居住用地Hg主要受土壤盐分和有机质的影响.Hg含量空间分布格局总体上表现为中部向南北两侧递增趋势,污染严重区域主要受煤炭开采及工业生产等人类扰动因素影响.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in urban soil from Beijing, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （EPA-PAHs） in the urban surface soils from Beijing were determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. It is significantly complementary for understanding the PAHs pollution in soil of integrated Beijing city on the basis of the information known in the outskirts. The total concentration of 16 EPA-PAH was from 0.467 to 5.470 μg/g and was described by the contour map. Compound profiles presented that the 4-, 5- and 6-ring PAHs were major compositions. The correlation analysis showed that PAHs have the similar source in the most sampling sites and BaP might be considered as the indicator of PAHs. Characteristic ratios of anthracene （An）/（An＋ phenanthrene （Phe））, fluoranthene （Flu）/（Flu/ pyrene （Pyr）） and benzo[a]pyrene （BaP）/laenzo[g,h,i]perylene （BghiP） indicated that the PAHs pollutants probably mainly originated from the coal combustion and it was not negligible from vehicular emission. The level of PAHs in our study area was compared with other studies.     

Effect of incubation temperature and wet-dry cycle on the availabilities of Cd, Pb and Zn in soil

The effect of incubation temperature and wet-dry cycle on the availabilities of Cd, Pb and Zn was studied. Three soils with pH ranging from 3.8 to 7.3, organic carbon （OC） from 0.7% to 2.4%, and clay from 12.3% to 35.6% were selected. Soils were spiked with reagent grade Cd（NO3）2, Pb（NO3）2, and Zn（NO3）2 at concentrations of 30 mg Cd/kg soil, 300 mg Zn/kg soil and 2000 mg Pb/kg soil. The soils were incubated at 35, 60, 105℃, respectively and went through four wet-dry cycles. Metal availability in soils was estimated by soil extraction with 0.1 mol/L Ca（NO3）2. According to this study, the effect of the spiking temperature on the metal availabilities was different among the metals, soils and wet-dry cycles. Mostly, 35 ~C was the first recommended spiking temperature for Cd and Pb while no spiking temperature was obviously better than others for Zn. Three wet-dry cycles was recommended regardless of the type of metals and incubation temperature.     

Risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables around non-ferrous metals mining and smelting sites, Baiyin, China

A field survey was conducted to investigate the metal and arsenic contamination in soils and vegetables on four villages （Shuichuan （SCH）, Beiwan （BWA）, Dongwan （DWA） and Wufe （WFE）） located along, Baiyin, China, and to evaluate the possible health risks to local population through foodchain. Results show that the most significantly contaminated soils occurred upstream at SCH where Cd, Cu and As concentrations exceeded maximum allowable concentrations for Chinese agricultural soil. Further downstream the degree of contamination semi-systematically decreased in concentrations of metal. Generally, the leafy vegetables were more heavily contaminated than non-leafy vegetables. Chinese cabbage is the most severely contaminated, the concentrations of Cd exceeded the maximum permit levels （0.05 mg/kg） by 4.5 times. Bio-accumulate factor also shows that an entry of Cd to food chain plants is the greatest potential. Furthermore, the estimated daily intake amounts of the considered toxic elements （Cd, Pb and Cu） from the vegetables grown at SCH and BWA and DWA have exceeded the recommended dietary allowance levels. Thus, the vegetables grown in three villages above, which affected by Baiyin mining and smelting have a health hazard for human consumption.     

Influences of phosphate nutritional level on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium and lead in soil

IntroductionNorth-east China is one of the most importantindustrial bases and also a main agriculturalproduction area. Land disposal of wastes and irrigatingwith sewage have led to increasing heavy metalcontents in soil (Chen, 1996) and the problemsinduce…     

浅议风险预防原则在《土壤污染防治法》中的构建

今年"两会"期间,陈吉林在答记者关于解决土壤污染问题时强调逐步推动土壤污染的风险管控和治理修复。可以预见风险预防将是土壤污染防治中的重要环节,在《土壤污染防治法》中如何构建风险预防原则关系着《"十三五"环保思路和目标任务》的实现,也关乎整个生态中国的建设。通过对我国环境法中风险预防原则的适用及存在问题的分析以及对环境法中风险预防原则的域外适用现状及有益经验的总结,提出构建我国土壤污染防治法风险预防原则的建议。