徐州市大气降水化学特征分析

本文根据徐州市1985—1989年的大气降水监测数据初步分析了大气降水的化学特征,徐州市大气降水中主要离子为SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+、Ca~(2+)。SO_4~(2-)高值出现在冬季,NH_4~+高值出现在夏季,K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)值均出现在春季。年酸雨频率与年降水量有较好的相关性,酸雨频率和酸雨量都是冬、秋两季高,夏季低,雨水的酸性主要是受大气中SO_2、NO_x污染的结果。     

水中多氯代芳香化合物（PCAs）在自然沉积物及活性污泥中的吸附特征

本对珠江三角洲水体中来源广、毒性大的多氧代芳香化台物(PCAs)在两种自然沉积物和活性污泥中的吸附特征进行了初步研究。研究结果表明，在球江广州诃段鸦岗底泥和顺德鱼塘底怩中，1，2，4一三氯苯、1，2，4，5一四氯苯、五氯苯主要呈现为Fruendlich非线性吸附，六氯苯、2，4，6一三氯酚、五氯酚、七氯和Aroclor1260则表现为线性吸附，而在活性污泥颗粒物上几种PCAs均表现为线性吸附。PCAs的吸附行为与Kow有一定关系，但主要与固体颗粒物中有机碳和粘土成分含量有关．有机碳和粘土成分的高低不仅影响PCAs在颗粒物上吸附容量的大小，其比值还决定了PCAs的吸附方式。     

长江口岛屿湿地的底栖动物资源研究

调查了长江口3个岛屿湿地的底栖动物资源及其生态特征和环境功能。经鉴定底栖无脊椎动物有41种,优势种为河蚬(Corbiculafluminea)、焦河蓝蛤(Potamocorbulaustulata)、缢蛏(Sinonovaculaconstricta)、麂眼螺(Rissoinasp.)、光滑狭口螺(Stenothyraglabra)、谭氏泥蟹(Ilyrplaxdeschampsi)、无齿相手蟹(Sesarmadenaani)和天津厚蟹(Helicetridenstientsinensis)。讨论了底栖动物资源的主要生态学特征及其环境功能,提出了对底栖动物资源合理利用与保护的建议。     

The effects of land use and its patterns on soil properties in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau

Due to relatively strong human activities in the hilly area of Loess Plateau,the natural vegetation has been destroyed,and landscape pattern based on agricultural land matrix was land use mosaic composing of shrub land,grassland,woolland and orchard.This pattern has an important effect on soil moisture and soil nutrients.The Danangou catchment,a typical small catchment,was selected to study the effects of land use and its patterns on soil moisture and nutrients in this paper.The results are as follows:The comparisons of soil moisture among seven land uses for wet year and dry year were performed:(1)the average of soil moisture content for whole catchment was 12.11% in wet year,while it was 9.37% in dry year;(2)soil moisture among seven land uses was significantly different in dry year,but not in wet year;(3) form wet year to dry year,the profile type of soil moisture changed from decreasing type to fluctuation-type and from fluctuant type to increasing type;(4)the increasing trend in soil moisture from the top to foot of hillslope occurred in simple land use along slope,while complicated distribution of soil moisture was observed in multiple land uses along slope.The relationships between soil nutrients and land uses and landscape positions were analysed:(1)five nutrient contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total N(TN),available N(AN),total P(TP) and available P(AP) in hilly area were lower than that in other areas.SOM content was less than 1%,TN content less than 0.07%,and TP fallow land and cropland,and higher level in soil fertility was found in crop-fruit intercropping land among croplands;(3)soil nutrient distribution and responses to landscape positions were variable depending on slope and the location of land use types.     

医疗废物焚烧残余物固化技术初探

根据对医疗废物焚烧残余物中有毒有害物质的化验分析结果,确定焚烧残余物中有毒有害成分含量仍较高,部分指标超出标准值,必须对其进行稳定化/固化处理,避免对土壤及地下水环境造成污染.本文阐述了稳定化/固化处理原理及处理工艺,使医疗废物无害化、减量化和资源化的处理原则得以全面实现.     

谈双鸭山市气象特征及地形特征对空气质量的影响

双鸭山市采暖期污染较重是因为采暖期燃煤量大、低矮分散的面源多的缘故,同时气象因素及地形特征对空气质量的影响也起着相当大的作用,采用2005年空气质量监测数据,进行双鸭山市气象特征及地形特征对空气质量影响分析,得出空气较稳定的取暖期和具有山风、谷风、局地环流的地形特征是形成双鸭山市空气污染的主要原因之一,并针对地形特征及气象特征对双鸭山市空气质量的影响提出空气污染治理措施.     

邦腊掌温泉水氡水温地震异常特征研究

本通过对云南省龙陵县邦腊掌温泉的水温和地下水含氡量变化的多年观测、分析和研究，阐述了邦腊掌温泉水氡和水温在地震发生前的短临异常形态特征以及在地震预报中的实例。     

应用被动扩散管监测分析葫芦岛市环境空气NO2时空分布特征

被动扩散技术以其低成本、操作简单、空间覆盖率较高等优点已在西方国家广泛应用于环境空气质量监测与调查,辽宁省环保局通过欧盟项目引进,本技术在葫芦岛市环境空气质量监测应用有4年时间.依据4年环境空气被动扩散管监测基础数据,分析了解葫芦岛市城区大气中NO2时空分布特征:高浓度值出现在交通区,季节上呈现春季明显低于其它季节.