Selection of appropriate organic additives for enhancing Zn and Cd phytoextraction by hyperaccumulators

Chelant-enhanced phytoextraction is one of the most promising technologies to remove heavy metals from soil. The key of the technology is to choose suitable additives in combination with a suitable plant. In the present study, laboratory batch experiment of metal solubilization, cress seeds germination were undertaken to investigate the metal-mobilizing capability and the phytotoxicity of organic additives, including ethylene diamine triacetic acid （EDTA）, citric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, glutamine and monosodium glutamate waste liquid （MGWL） from food industry. Experiments in pots were carried out to study the effects of the additives on Zn and Cd phytoextraction. Furthermore, a leaching experiment with lysimeter was performed to evaluate the environmental risks of additive-induced leaching to underground water. The results showed that EDTA had a strong mobilizing ability for Zn and Cd, followed by mixed reagent （MR） and MGWL. MGWL and acetic acid at 5 mmol equivalent per liter resulted in seed germination index less than 2%. Experiments in pots verified the phytotoxicity of acetic acid and MGWL. Addition of the mixed reagent at 6--10 mmol/kg significantly increased Zn phytoextraction by Thlaspi caerulescens. The same for EDTA and the mixed reagent at 10 mmol/kg by Sedum dfredii. But only mixed reagents could significantly increase Cd phytoextraction by the studied hyperaccumulators. This suggested that the strong chelant was not always the good agent to enhance phytoextraction. S. alfredii combined with 2--10 mmol/kg soil MR was preferred for phytoremediation of Cd/Zn contaminated soils in southern China, this could result in high phytoextraction of Cd/Zn and reduce the leaching risk to underground water than EDTA assisted phytoextration.     

Investigation on Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd fractions in the natural surface coating samples and surficial sediments in the Songhua River, China

Natural surface coating samples （NSCSs） from the surface of shingles and surficial sediments （SSs） in the Songhua River, China were employed to investigate the relationship between NSCSs and SSs in fractions of heavy metals （Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd） using the modified sequential extraction procedure （MSEP）. The results show that the differences between NSCSs and SSs in Fe fi＇actions were insignificant and Fe was dominantly present as residual phase （76.22% for NSCSs and 80.88% for SSs） and Fe-oxides phase （20.33% for NSCSs and 16.15% for SSs）. Significant variation of Mn distribution patterns between NSCSs and SSs was observed with Mn in NSCSs mainly present in Mn-oxides phase （48.27%） and that in SSs present as residual phase （45.44%）. Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd were found dominantly in residual fractions （〉48%）, and next in solid oxides/hydroxides for Zn, Pb and Cd and in easily oxidizable solids/compounds form for Cu, respectively. The heavy metal distribution patterns implied that Fe/Mn oxides both in NSCSs and SSs were more important sinks for binding and adsorption of Zn, Pb and Cd than organic matter （OM）, and inversely, higher affinity of Cu to OM than Fe/Mn oxides in NSCSs and SSs was obtained. Meanwhile, it was found that the distributions of heavy metals in NSCSs and SSs were similar to each other and the pseudo-total concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in NSCSs were greater than those in SSs, highlighting the more importance for NSCSs than SSs in controlling behaviours of heavy metals in aquatic environments.     

Selective extraction and separation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in river surficial sediments

In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments （SSs）, a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials （OMs） in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl （0.1 mol/L） ＋ HNO3 （0.1 mol/L）, （NH4）2C2O4 （0.2 mol/L） ＋ H2C2O4 （pH 3.0）, and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.     

攀枝花地区芒果园土壤碳氮磷分布现状及变化趋势

土壤养分制约着果树产量和品质,同时受果园生产管理的影响而变化.为了解攀枝花地区芒果园土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量现状,探明果园管理导致的土壤养分变化趋势,选择3个发育阶段(挂果前期:2-5年;初期:6-10年;盛期:11-26年)芒果园共162个,研究果园树盘区和间空区0-20 cm和20-40 cm土层土壤C...     

AAO+MBR+化学沉淀除磷工艺在高磷生活污水中的工程应用

针对湖北省某磷化工厂高磷浓度且含量复杂的生活污水及当地严格的排放限值要求,该工程采用了AAO+MBR+化学沉淀法工艺,主体处理规模120 m3/d,MBR膜工艺处理规模80 m3/d。工程运行情况显示,该工艺处理效果良好,出水水质优于GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准,总磷及氟化物等均满足环保达标要求,能有效削减排入汉江的污染物负荷。工程运营成本为1.339 9元/m3,对于沿江磷化工厂同类型生活污水的处理具有较高的推广应用价值。     

营养调控影响滇杨幼苗镉积累的效应模型分析

营养调控是强化植物修复效率的重要手段。滇杨(Populus yunnanensis)作为修复土壤镉(Cd)污染的重要候选树种,Cd耐受能力较强,但Cd积累量不高。以滇杨为研究对象,采用“3414”试验设计,开展氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)三因素四水平(0、100、200、400 mg·kg^-1)共15个处理的营养调控盆栽试验。通过肥料效应模型推算最佳施肥量、最大Cd积累量以及提升滇杨Cd积累量的最佳施肥方案。结果表明,施加N、P、K均能提升Cd胁迫下滇杨的生物量,提升比例为70.5%-132%,生物量随N、P和K浓度增加而呈现先增加后降低趋势,均在200 mg·kg^-1时达到最大值,施N对生物量的促进最显著。滇杨Cd积累量受N影响最大,其次为P,再次是K。无N处理(N0P0K0、N0P2K2)的Cd积累量最低,高N、高P处理(N2P4K2、N4P2K2)的Cd积累量最高。一元模型拟合结果显示,N以374.704 mg·kg^-1施加时可获得最大Cd积累量(2.168 mg·pot^-1),拟合方程为y=...     

化学药剂处理湖泊沉积物磷污染的实验研究

试验了氢氧化钙、硫酸铝、硝酸钙、硫酸亚铁对抑制湖泊沉积物向水体释放磷的有效性,药剂投加量分别为1：1、1：2和过量,试验历时24d,4种药剂对水体磷去除率最高分别可达到86．2％、91．7％、90．3％和93．1％,但处理效果随时间会发生变化。     

生物修复在治理土壤污染中的应用

从植物、微生物的角度说明了生物修复的作用,综述了生物修复在国内外取得的进展,介绍了已经发现的超富集植物、微生物与植物协同修复机理,并对今后的研究工作提出了建议。     

土壤重金属污染治理技术研究

土壤重金属污染指的是土壤中重金属含量超标,导致土壤受到一定程度的破坏。重金属元素具有较强的生物毒性和生态毒性,重金属污染不仅会对植物、微生物等产生影响,还会对动物以及人类的健康造成威胁。因此,土壤重金属污染防治技术是我国土壤管理与污染控制的重要研究方向。本文主要对重金属污染土壤修复治理现状进行分析,并提出相应的解决对策。     

2012—2021年全球除草剂微生物降解的文献计量分析

利用Science Citation Index（科学引文索引）对2012—2021年间发表在除草剂微生物降解领域的文献进行检索。分别从除草剂微生物降解研究的国家、机构发文量、被引频次、高被引论文及研究方向等进行统计分析,从文献计量学的角度分析近10年来除草剂微生物降解研究的发展状况。结果表明,2012—2021年间共有除草剂微生物降解文献782,074篇,近10年来文献量逐年增多,主要研究方向是生态环境科学、生物化学和分子生物学、生态环境科学、材料科学、工程学等。中国和美国在该领域内影响力最大,中国近几年在该领域的研究动态也比较活跃,处于世界领先水平。由此可见,除草剂微生物降解研究是当前的热点。本文的文献整理加工为我国环境领域科研工作者提供一份比较详实、科学、精确的数据,为该领域工作的开展提供重要参考。