Effects of cerium on growth and physiological mechanism in plants under enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation

Effect of cerium （Ce^3＋） on the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system in rape seedlings （Brassica juncea L.） exposed to two levels of UV-B radiation （T1： 0.15 W/m^2 and T2：0.35 W/m^2） was studied by hydroponics under laboratory conditions. After 5 d of UV-B treatment, the aboveground growth indices were obviously decreased by 13.2%-44. 1%（T1） and 21.4%-49.3% （T2）, compared to CK, and except active absorption area of roots, the belowground indices by 14.1%-35.6%（T1） and 20.3%-42.6% （T2）. For Ce＋UV-B treatments, the aboveground and belowground growth indices were decreased respectively by 4.1%-23.6%, 5.2% -23.3%（Ce＋T1） and 10.8%-28.4%, 7.0%-27.8%（Ce＋T2）, lower than those of UV-B treatments. The decrease of growth indices appeared to be the result of changes of physiological processes. Two levels of UV-B radiation induced the decrease in chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency by 11.2%-25.9%（T1） and 20.9%- 56.9%（T2）, whereas increase in membrane permeability and activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） by 6.9%, 22.8%, 21.5%, 9.5%（T1） and 36.6%, 122.3%, 103.5%, 208.9%（T2）, respectively. The reduction of the photosynthetic parameters in Ce＋UV-B treatments was lessened to 3.2%-13.8%（Ce＋T1） and 4.9%-27.6%（Ce＋T2）, and the increase of membrane permeability and activities of antioxidant enzymes except POD in the same treatments were lessened to 2.4%, 8.4%, 6.6%（Ce＋T1） and 30.1%, 116.7%, 75.4%（Ce＋T2）. These results indicate that the regulative effect of Ce on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymatic function is the ecophysiological basis of alleviating the suppression of UV-B radiation on growth of seedlings. Furthermore, the protective effect of Ce on seedlings exposed to TI level of UV-B radiation is superior to T2 level.     

Ecological effects of crude oil residues on the functional diversity of soil microorganisms in three weed rhizospheres

Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion （Taraxacum officinale）, jerusalem artichoke （Silphiurn perfoliatum L.） and evening primrose （A colypha australis L.） rhizospheric soils were thus examined using the method of carbon source utilization. The results indicated that there were various toxic effects of crude oil residues on the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, but the weed rhizospheres could mitigate the toxic effects. Total heterotrophic counting colony-forming units （CFUs） in the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizospheric soils. The culturable soil-bacterial CFUs in the jerusalem artichoke （S. perfoliatum） rhizosphere polluted with 0.50 kg/pot of crude oil residues were almost twice as much as those with 0.25 kg/pot and without the addition of crude oil residues. The addition of crude oil residues increased the difference in substrate evenness, substrate richness, and substrate diversity between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of T. officinale and A. australis, but there was no significant （p〉0.05） difference in the Shannon＇s diversity index between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of S. perfoliatum. The rhizospheric response of weed species to crude oil residues suggested that S. perfoliatum may be a potential weed species for the effective plant-microorganism bioremediation of contaminated soils by crude oil residues.     

攀枝花地区芒果园土壤碳氮磷分布现状及变化趋势

土壤养分制约着果树产量和品质,同时受果园生产管理的影响而变化.为了解攀枝花地区芒果园土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量现状,探明果园管理导致的土壤养分变化趋势,选择3个发育阶段(挂果前期:2-5年;初期:6-10年;盛期:11-26年)芒果园共162个,研究果园树盘区和间空区0-20 cm和20-40 cm土层土壤C...     

营养调控影响滇杨幼苗镉积累的效应模型分析

营养调控是强化植物修复效率的重要手段。滇杨(Populus yunnanensis)作为修复土壤镉(Cd)污染的重要候选树种,Cd耐受能力较强,但Cd积累量不高。以滇杨为研究对象,采用“3414”试验设计,开展氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)三因素四水平(0、100、200、400 mg·kg^-1)共15个处理的营养调控盆栽试验。通过肥料效应模型推算最佳施肥量、最大Cd积累量以及提升滇杨Cd积累量的最佳施肥方案。结果表明,施加N、P、K均能提升Cd胁迫下滇杨的生物量,提升比例为70.5%-132%,生物量随N、P和K浓度增加而呈现先增加后降低趋势,均在200 mg·kg^-1时达到最大值,施N对生物量的促进最显著。滇杨Cd积累量受N影响最大,其次为P,再次是K。无N处理(N0P0K0、N0P2K2)的Cd积累量最低,高N、高P处理(N2P4K2、N4P2K2)的Cd积累量最高。一元模型拟合结果显示,N以374.704 mg·kg^-1施加时可获得最大Cd积累量(2.168 mg·pot^-1),拟合方程为y=...     

义乌岩口水库汇水区水质时空变化及富营养化特征研究

文章于2013～2018年对岩口水库流域逐月监测上游4条支流与水库的主要水质指标,分析水质因子的时空变化规律,并采用单因子评价法与综合营养状态指数评价法对岩口水库水质和富营养化状况进行综合评价.结果表明:上游4条支流的水质较差,而水库的水质情况稍好,多数月份水质优于地表水Ⅲ类标准,并且水库汇水区与中下游区域水质相似.单...     

生物修复在治理土壤污染中的应用

从植物、微生物的角度说明了生物修复的作用,综述了生物修复在国内外取得的进展,介绍了已经发现的超富集植物、微生物与植物协同修复机理,并对今后的研究工作提出了建议。     

土壤重金属污染治理技术研究

土壤重金属污染指的是土壤中重金属含量超标,导致土壤受到一定程度的破坏。重金属元素具有较强的生物毒性和生态毒性,重金属污染不仅会对植物、微生物等产生影响,还会对动物以及人类的健康造成威胁。因此,土壤重金属污染防治技术是我国土壤管理与污染控制的重要研究方向。本文主要对重金属污染土壤修复治理现状进行分析,并提出相应的解决对策。     

饮用水水源地土壤质量特征及评价——以成都市徐堰河、柏条河水源地为例

为探究成都市水源地周边土壤质量状况,保护水源地环境,以徐堰河、柏条河饮用水水源地周边土壤为研究对象,对所采集土壤样品进行物理及化学性质如土壤pH值、阳离子交换量、有机质含量及重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cu、Ni进行测定与分析。结果显示：成都市饮用水水源地土壤pH值变化范围较大,土壤离子交换量和有机质具有一定的空间异质性;应用单因素污染指数分析,水源地土壤Hg含量可能具有较大的污染潜力。Spearman相关性分析表明,Cd与Zn, Cu与Cr, Cu和Ni呈显著正相关关系;应用主成分分析水源地典型土壤重金属,三个主成分累积贡献率达到90.828%,第一主成分、第二主成分、第三主成分贡献率分别为44.082%、36.800%、9.946%。研究结果为保护成都市饮用水水源地环境健康和安全提供理论支持和合理建议。     

植物根际微生态区域中铝的环境行为研究进展

铝毒是酸性土壤(pH<5.0)中影响植物生长的重要因素.根系环境中的铝离子可影响矿物营养的获取,增加植物对铝胁迫的风险.植物通过根系分泌有机酸、生物酶和其他物质来解除或减轻铝的毒害.从铝胁迫对根系分泌系统的影响、根际微环境中铝的毒理效应和根际微环境中铝的抗毒机制等3个方面对植物根际微生态区域中铝的环境行为研究进展进行了综述,并对今后该领域的研究方向进行了展望.     

基于底栖动物群落特征的再生水回用河道环境质量评价

为更加全面地分析污水处理厂再生水回用于城市河道的生态安全性并评价其生境状态,该研究在宁波市某再生水回用河道的生态修复段进行了水质监测和底栖动物采样调查,通过计算Wright指数和综合水质标识指数对研究河段水质状况进行了分级评价.结果表明,再生水输入河道生态修复段后,河道常规水质指标稳定达到水环境功能区目标,Wright...