松软破碎围岩掘进防冒顶技术措施

苏桥煤矿于2005年12月开始基建,矿井设计年产量21万吨,开采二迭系童子岩组含煤地层.由于区域推覆构造的作用,复盖在童子岩组地层上面的是地质时代较老的栖霞灰岩和石炭系林地组砂砾岩.     

不稳定煤层矿井开采技术探讨

1引言 在含煤地层中蕴含丰富的断层、褶曲;煤层走向、倾向起伏,呈向斜、背斜构造;煤层厚度变化大的矿井,称之为不稳定煤层矿井.     

Iron and lead ion adsorption by microbial flocculants in synthetic wastewater and their related carbonate formation

Although microbial treatments of heavy metal ions in wastewater have been studied, the removal of these metals through incorporation into carbonate minerals has rarely been reported. To investigate the removal of Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋, two representative metals in wastewater, through the precipitation of carbonate minerals by a microbial flocculant （MBF） produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus. MBF was added to synthetic wastewater containing different Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋ concentrations, and the extent of flocculation was analyzed. CO2 was bubbled into the mixture of MBF and Fe^3＋/Pb^2＋ to initiate the reaction. The solid substrates were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that the removal efficiency decreased and the MBF adsorption capacity for metals increased with increasing heavy metal concentration. In the system containing MBF, metals （Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋）, and CO2, the concentrated metals adsorbed onto the MBF combined with the dissolved CO2, resulting in oversaturation of metal carbonate minerals to form iron carbonate and lead carbonates. These results may be used in designing a method in which microbes can be utilized to combine CO2 with wastewater heavy metals to form carbonates, with the aim of mitigating environmental problems.     

易斜地层钻孔倾斜规律研究

随着资源勘探开发的进一步深入,钻井工程中井斜给工程带来了一系列危害,井斜规律和防斜降斜技术的研究也越来越引起人们的重视。本文全面分析了影响易斜地层钻孔倾斜的地层因素,主要包括地层倾角、各向异性地层、岩性交替变化地层、断层,并结合湖北某米黄玉矿的勘探实例,分析和验证了易斜地层钻进中客观存在的"车轮效应",即钻头在不均质匀层状地层中钻进时,由于钻头两侧岩石的岩性和抗压强度不同,导致钻头沿地层走向方向偏移,使得钻井轨迹的方位角产生变化。该研究对类似条件的钻井勘察有一定的借鉴意义。     

Enhancement of thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thickened waste activated sludge by combined microwave and alkaline pretreatment

Pretreatment of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) by combined microwave and alkaline pretreatment (MAP) was studied to improve thermophilic anaerobic digestion efficiency. Uniform design was applied to determine the combination of target temperature (110–210°C), microwave holding time (1–51 min), and NaOH dose (0–2.5 g NaOH/g suspended solids (SS)) in terms of their effect on volatile suspended solids (VSS) solubilization. Maximum solubilization ratio (85.1%) of VSS was observed at 210°C with 0.2 g-NaOH/g-SS and 35 min holding time. The effects of 12 different pretreatment methods were investigated in 28 thermophilic batch reactors by monitoring cumulative methane production (CMP). Improvements in methane production in the TWAS were directly related to the microwave and alkaline pretreatment of the sludge. The highest CMP was a 27% improvement over the control. In spite of the increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration and the decrease in dewaterability of digested sludge, a semi-continuous thermophilic reactor fed with pretreated TWAS without neutralization (at 170°C with 1 min holding time and 0.05 g NaOH/g SS) was stable and functioned well, with volatile solid (VS) and total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) reductions of 28% and 18%, respectively, which were higher than those of the control system. Additionally, methane yields (L@STP/g-CODadded, at standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions of 0°C and 101.325 kPa) and (L@STP/g VSadded) increased by 17% and 13%, respectively, compared to the control reactor.     

黏土地层联络通道冻结壁厚度优化设计及应用研究*

为解决传统冻结壁设计方法不能真实、合理地反映黏土地层中联络通道冻结壁实际受力情况,进而导致冻结壁厚度设计过于保守的问题,结合黏土地层直墙拱形冻结壁实际受力特点,基于对冻结壁支护压力的合理计算,提出1种适用于黏土地层冻结壁厚度设计的优化方法。结果表明:与传统设计方法相比,该方法所确定冻结壁支护压力与实际施工环境中冻结壁受力状态吻合效果更好,并且能够提供合理的安全储备;经数值计算和现场应用验证,计算所得冻结壁设计方案可以满足施工环境中的承载力及变形稳定性要求;且相较传统设计方案,所得方案兼具安全性与经济性,可有效规避因设计过于保守和冻结周期过长引起的冻胀、融沉变形过大等工程灾害的风险;该方法高效、易行,可为传统冻结壁设计方法提供必要补充,亦可为类似工程的施工设计提供有益参考。     

滨海平原咸水入侵动态监测网构建研究——以潍河下游地区为例

作为进行咸水入侵动态监测的基础性工作，对潍河下游地区的供需水平衡及地下水位、水质和地层电阻率在咸淡水界面上变化规律进行了研究分析；同时，探索了监测工作的地理工程技术途径，并据此构建了3个层次的监测体系：（1）宏观区域供需水平衡分析与地下水位负值区变化监测，（2）中观咸水入侵发展变化的物探监测，（3）微观地下水位、水质变化监测；最后，为了对日益增多的咸水入侵动态数据资料进行有效的管理，设计了一个基于GIS的、以数据库管理应用为核心的信息系统。     

我国煤系地层高岭岩综合利用的问题与对策

本文简述了我国煤系地层高岭岩的分布、储量及重要性等,指出了综合利用的基本方向,对目前存在的问题进行了讨论,提出了对策。     

安徽运漕地区隐伏地质体三维模型构建及应用

以安徽运漕地区为例,从地层与岩体特征入手,结合地质—地球物理信息,开展浅覆盖区隐伏地质体三维建模研究。介绍了划分建模单元及建立地质—地球物理模型和构建最终地质体模型的过程,针对区内侵入岩、浅成侵入岩发育情况,提出采用地层与岩体并行建模的思路,通过"先分后合"的方式构建地质体三维模型。最终的成果模型反映了研究区隐伏地质体的主要物性层(建模单元)、主要断裂与褶皱构造、岩浆隆起构造的空间展布特征,模型将区域重磁、断层展布、已知矿点与闪长岩类及三叠世周冲村组叠加显示,以三维可视化的方式标识了成矿有利地段的空间位置。     

某城市建筑泥浆污染现状调查研究

以某城市为例,研究城市建筑泥浆的污染现状,并分析泥浆受到污染的原因.结果表明:对照《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中的Ⅳ类标准限值,调研的4个工地泥浆水全部超标;该城市地层土壤中的有机质、总氮、总磷含量高是泥浆水超标的重要原因,工地制浆使用的地表水和污水也不能满足Ⅳ类水质的要求.在建筑工地的管理中,应...