森林防火气象站在森林火灾预警中的应用

通过在辖区内合理的位置建立可移动的防火气象站,监测所辖区内的林火等级的关键环境参数,进行林火等级的预警,把监测到的环境数据同GIS相结合,进行现实和预警更加直观和方便。     

基于GIS的油田管网管理信息系统设计

本文介绍了油田GIS系统的设计,以及基于三维GIS平台建设油田管网管理信息系统的开发思路。利用该系统可实现对埋地集输管网的动态管理,为埋地管网的日常管理、维护、维修与更换提供科学依据,解决了集输管网传统管理存在的自动化程度低、可靠性差等问题,有较好的推广应用前景。     

安庆沿江湿地景观格局变化及其驱动力

湿地具有重要的环境和生态功能,安庆沿江湿地自然保护区以其良好的自然性,正成为学术界关注的焦点和热点。基于1988、2006年两期TM遥感影像数据,借助于RS/GIS工具,获取安庆沿江湿地的景观斑块数据,运用Fragstats景观格局分析软件探讨了近20年来安庆沿江湿地景观格局的动态变化特征,研究结果表明：(1)安庆沿江湿地以湖泊和滩涂沼泽为主要景观类型;(2)研究期内湿地景观面积发生了较大幅度的缩减,各湿地景观类型间的动态变化较显著,以湖泊的萎缩变化最明显;(3)安庆沿江湿地景观在空间配置上趋于破碎和零散,景观斑块边界的复杂性程度和不规则程度在逐渐下降,形状趋于规整,景观类型结构和数量趋于均衡,景观斑块间连接程度有所降低。进一步探讨其驱动力因素,认为主要受到研究区内人口密度、农业开发活动、国家和区域政策法规以及湖区农户湿地环境保护意识等因素的影响。     

崇明东滩鸟类生境适宜性空间模糊评价

利用模糊数学方法、地理信息系统（GIS）和遥感（RS）技术,采用定性和定量相结合的方法构建了鸟类生境适宜性空间模糊评价模型,解决了隶属函数的空间化问题,扩展了模糊数学方法在自然保护区空间地理事物评价中的应用。通过评价几种鸟类的生境适宜性,结果表明：大多数鸟类在海三棱藨草外带和光滩适宜性最好,由此向内陆或水域方向适宜性降低,这一显著变化与崇明东滩环境演化趋势有着密切的关系;由于鸟类生活习性的差异,不同鸟类的空间适宜性范围存在一定的差异性;已有的保护区功能区划未能充分考虑当前鸟类生境适宜性情况,生境适宜性的评价结果可以为崇明东滩保护区的功能区划提供技术性指导。     

Physical Land Suitability Assessment for the Large Cardamom Amomum subulatum Roxb. Cultivation in Hills of Kathmandu Valley

Nepal is one of the top three exporters of larger cardamom （Amomum subulatum Roxb.） in the world market contributing largely to the Nepalese economy. Sub-Himalayan range of hilly area of eastern Nepal is popular for large cardamom cultivation. Being similar phytogeographical and ecological setting, cultivation has begun in hills of Kathmandu Valley however land suitability needs to be evaluated with reference to specific need of the crop. Kathmandu is a valley with alluvial bottom and altitudinal range between 1200 and 2730m above sea level having cool to warm temperate climatic range. Varieties of aspects and slope gradient have potentiality for the large cardamom cultivation. Aim of the study was set to categorize available land area in the range of suitability for large cardamon cultivation on the basis of physical characteristics of the land and ecological need of crop. Land evaluation methodology has been designed along with site specific amendment in FAO framework （1976）. Land use map in scale of 1：25 000 was used in geographic information system environment. Suitability was done through map overlaying methods. Aim of the study was set to categorize available land area in the range of suitability categories for large cardamom cultivation based on physical characteristics of the land matching with ecological need of crop. Analysis of data shows that altitudinal range at uplands of Kathmandu Valley and annual average rainfall and temperature are found to be within suitability range for Amomum subulaturn cultivation. Sandy loam soil, slightly acidic in nature with gentle sloping land of about 5-8° provides highly suitable condition. Result showed that more than one-third of total land area above 1800 m of altitude is suitable. Selectively, of the total area, 5% are north facing slope, 13% gentle slopes are highly suitable. 16% lands with north east orientation are moderately suitable. Most of the land areas which are marginaly suitabile for vegetable and cereal crops are highly suitable for large cardamom. Hills of northern boundary hills found to be suitable due to more rainfall distribution pattern compared to southern boundary hills. Therefore, land evaluation also identifies limitations and input requirements for sustainable production.     

On the Laws and Causes of Socio-economic Territorial Differentiation in Minority Areas in China

On the basis of applying quantitative and qualitative approaches as well as GIS technology, this paper established an index system to make a comprehensive evaluation on socioeconomic development of minority areas in China. The result showed that socio-economic development in minority area presents a series of characteristics that the north is high and the south is low, center-margin pattern is obvious and the areas with middle and lower development indices are distributed centrally and continuously. However, the causes of the socioeconomic characteristics mainly include natural conditions, economic development basic, population cultural quality, regional combination and development conditions of mineral and energy resources, informal institutional factors and distribution of major traffic lines.     

基于GIS的洪水淹没评估系统的研究与实现

在G IS技术支持下,对洪水淹没评估系统从洪水淹没计算与洪水淹没评估两方面进行研究,结合湖南冷水滩区洪水淹没评估系统实例,选择了正方形DEM模型,利用正方形格网分析方法进行了洪水淹没中连通性的分析。构建了洪水淹没评估模型,并对洪水淹没评估中的叠置分析提出具体解决思路。最后介绍了系统的设计与实现。     

水库型饮用水水源地一级保护区隔离防护工程研究

依托于地理信息系统空间数据管理和空间信息分析的功能,利用高分辨率遥感影像研究隔离方案划定的技术流程。该技术流程主要包括收集水源地基础资料、解译高分辨率遥感影像、提取土地覆盖分类信息、建立空间数据库、划定物理隔离和生物隔离的区段。该种技术流程也适用于地形复杂、一级保护区面积较大的地下型水源地。     

基于证据权重法的呼伦贝尔地区人为草原火险空间预测

应用证据权重法结合GIS空间分析,研究了呼伦贝尔地区人为草原火险。利用证据权重法定量化地分析了与人类活动密切相关的5个因子(乡村人口密度、载畜密度、居民点分布、城镇分布、公路网)与草原火点空间分布的关系,并建立了呼伦贝尔草原火险预测模型,据此在ARCVIEW的WofE扩展模块下生成一幅草原火险预测专题图,并将研究区划分为高、中、低三类风险区。研究表明:(1)呼伦贝尔草原火灾火点的空间分布与人类活动关系密切,尤其是乡村人口密度、公路网与居民点分布这三个因子,权重分别为0.5191,0.1945,0.2864;(2)证据权重法可以客观定量地表现出草原火险与人类活动的关系,因而可为草原火灾风险管理提供决策支持。     

黄淮海平原城市等级及空间结构分析

城市规模等级的划分和空间结构的分析是进行区域城市体系规划和城市化发展战略的前提和基础工作,合理的城市规模等级和空间结构对于推动区域的均衡发展具有重要作用。黄淮海平原自然条件较好,是我国主要的粮食生产基地,对粮食安全保障具有重要的战略地位。同时,地势平坦、交通发达、人口密集,又是我国城市化发展的重要区域。规划合理的城市规模,构建科学的城市空间结构是处理好该区域城市化的重点。该文从经济状况、公共服务、文化教育、城市规模和环境卫生5个方面选取城市规模评价指标,通过综合评价法将黄淮海平原地区地级以上城市划分为5个等级。同时,根据点-轴理论,依据城市的空间位置和主要交通干线的布局,对黄淮海平原地区地级以上城市的空间结构进行分析,结果发现该地区的城市空间结构呈"三纵五横"的网格状。研究结果对于该区域制定城市化发展战略具有参考价值。