电动交通工具的污染减排及对策

燃油交通工具是城市温室气体的重要来源之一,因此使用电动交通工具成为解决城市污染减排的重要措施.文章就正确认识电动交通工具污染减排的作用,蓄电池的生产管理、回收利用等进行了讨论,并提出了相应的对策和建议.     

我国酸雨污染现状及其防治措施初探

20世纪80年代以来,随着中国经济快速发展,煤炭、石油等化石燃料消耗迅速增长,相应向大气环境排放的酸性物质大幅增加,中国长江以南成为继欧洲和北关之后的世界第三大酸雨区。通过调查,发现我国酸雨面积和程度呈现继续扩大的趋势。最后,结合我国典型的硫酸型酸雨特征,提出了可行的防治酸雨的具体对策。     

辽河源头区坡耕地面源污染阻控技术研究

辽河源头区多为低山丘陵区域.由于人类对土地资源的不合理开发利用,致使森林覆盖率降低,坡耕地面积增多.为提高单位面积的农作物产量,主要措施之一就是增加化肥投入量.随着农田生态系统化肥投入量的增加,不被作物吸收的营养物质通过淋溶渗透地表径流等进入水环境中.坡耕地面源污染阻控研究是基于其产生的原因及迁移过程,采取农业耕作措施、水土保持工程措施和生物措施等相结合方式,构建坡耕地面源污染控制技术体系.     

准好氧填埋工艺垃圾重金属的污染特征

针对某准好氧填埋场,分析了填埋1~5年的陈垃圾及其浸出液中重金属的含量变化,并进行了污染风险评价,结果表明,垃圾中重金属含量随填埋时间的延长呈现一定的增加趋势,且导气管附近(0 m)垃圾样品重金属含量整体要高于距离导气管较远处(15 m)的样品中重金属含量。重金属As、Cd和Hg严重超过GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》三级标准限值,重金属Zn、Pb和Cr均未超过标准限值。垃圾浸出液中,重金属Zn、As、Cd、Pb和Cr含量均低于地表水环境质量标准的限值(Ⅱ类)。而Hg浓度超标,为标准限值的34倍~68倍(0 m)和38倍~90倍(15 m)。在污染指数评价中,内罗梅综合污染指数均大于3,为重度污染。     

简讯

<正>太湖蓝藻不成灾先进科技作用大近日,中国环保网记者在太湖周边采访得知,由于采取了"智能实时监测"等科技治藻手段,今年太湖没有发生一起蓝藻污染水质事件。蓝藻不成灾,苏州、无锡、雷州三个环太湖区的市民喝上了干净、放心的水。让太湖有了清澈的湖水、丰茂的水草、悠然自得的鱼虾……     

Evaluation of accuracy of linear regression models in predicting urban stormwater discharge characteristics

Stormwater runoff has been identified as a source of pollution for the environment, especially for receiving waters. In order to quantify and manage the impacts of stormwater runoff on the environment, predictive models and mathematical models have been developed. Predictive tools such as regression models have been widely used to predict stormwater discharge characteristics. Storm event characteristics, such as antecedent dry days （ADD）, have been related to response variables, such as pollutant loads and concentrations. However it has been a controversial issue among many studies to consider ADD as an important variable in predicting stormwater discharge characteristics. In this study, we examined the accuracy of general linear regression models in predicting discharge characteristics of roadway runoff. A total of 17 storm events were monitored in two highway segments, located in Gwangju, Korea. Data from the monitoring were used to calibrate United States Environmental Protection Agency＇s Storm Water Management Model （SWMM）. The calibrated SWMM was simulated for 55 storm events, and the results of total suspended solid （TSS） discharge loads and event mean concentrations （EMC） were extracted. From these data, linear regression models were developed. R2 and p-values of the regression of ADD for both TSS loads and EMCs were investigated. Results showed that pollutant loads were better predicted than pollutant EMC in the multiple regression models. Regression may not provide the true effect of site-specific characteristics, due to uncertainty in the data.     

Potential bioremediation of mercury-contaminated substrate using filamentous fungi isolated from forest soil

The use of filamentous fungi in bioremediation of heavy metal contamination has been developed recently. This research aims to observe the capability of filamentous fungi isolated from forest soil for bioremediation of mercury contamination in a substrate. Six fungal strains were selected based on their capability to grow in 25 mg/L Hg2+-contaminated potato dextrose agar plates. Fungal strain KRP1 showed the highest ratio of growth diameter, 0.831, thus was chosen for further observation.Identification based on colony and cell morphology carried out by 18S rRNA analysis gave a 98%match to Aspergillus flavus strain KRP1. The fungal characteristics in mercury(Ⅱ) contamination such as range of optimum pH, optimum temperature and tolerance level were 5.5–7 and 25–35℃ and 100 mg/L respectively. The concentration of mercury in the media affected fungal growth during lag phases. The capability of the fungal strain to remove the mercury(Ⅱ) contaminant was evaluated in 100 mL sterile 10 mg/L Hg2+-contaminated potato dextrose broth media in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks inoculated with 108spore/mL fungal spore suspension and incubation at 30℃ for 7 days. The mercury(Ⅱ) utilization was observed for flasks shaken in a 130 r/min orbital shaker(shaken) and nonshaken flasks(static) treatments. Flasks containing contaminated media with no fungal spores were also provided as control. All treatments were done in triplicate. The strain was able to remove 97.50%and 98.73% mercury from shaken and static systems respectively. A. flavus strain KRP1 seems to have potential use in bioremediation of aqueous substrates containing mercury(Ⅱ) through a biosorption mechanism.     

水龙头直饮有多难？

首先,水源水质要好。经过三十多年的发展,我国成为世界第二大经济体。当然,水源水质变化也很大,我认为,既然我们享受了21世纪的物质文明,同样的,也要忍受发展带来的污染。但是治理污染需要时间,在我国水源水质污染较重的严峻形势下,需要整个环保系统、政府以及各界人士的共同关心和努力,有可能经过三十年到五十年,我们的水环境会得到很大提升。     

《环境工程技术学报》征稿启事

正《环境工程技术学报》是中华人民共和国环境保护部主管、中国环境科学研究院主办,面向国内外公开发行的环境工程技术领域综合性科技期刊。本刊的主要栏目有:水污染控制技术与资源化利用,大气污染控制技术与清洁能源的利用,土壤污染防治与农村环境综合整治技术,固体废物污染防治与资源化技术,生物、生态工程与恢复技术,基于循环经济的污染综合防治技术,辐射与振动污染防治技术,其他环境系统工程与管理技术(包括环境信息集成技术、监     

失效催化剂的问题有多大？

四川大学化学学院教授、催化材料研究所所长陈耀强指出．汽车行驶10万公里以后,催化剂逐渐失去作用。而中国车主没有更换尾气净化催化剂的习惯。政府也没有强制措施,导致大量催化剂失效的车辆仍在行驶．加剧了机动车排放污染。