城市建设中生态环境保护的理性思考

保护生态环境是城市可持续发展的必然举措,而生态环境保护又是城市建设的重要内容之一。因此,在城市建设中生态环境的保护不容忽视,只有加强生态环境保护,才能更好地规划城市建设,促进城市经济发展,为人们提供一个良好的居住环境。本文主要从城市建设与生态环境保护的关系出发,探讨加强城市建设中生态环境保护的举措。     

城市固体废物不确定性多目标的优化管理

随着时代的不断发展,人们生活水平越来越高,城市产生的垃圾也越来越多。如何处理城市的垃圾,如何解决城市环保问题,是当前城市环保人员必须考虑的问题。技术人员应当对城市固体废物管理进行系统的分析,总结各种解决办法,将城市固体废物管理过程中对环境产生的影响进行货币化,使环境和经济有效地统一起来,以更加客观地解决多目标问题。     

地理信息系统在城市环境管理中的应用

地理信息系统（GIS）技术的应用是环境科技发展的一个重要方向,可用于城市环境规划与决策、环境监测、环境评价、环境模拟与预测等方面的环境管理工作,是实现城市可持续发展有力的技术支持.本文对城市环境管理中地理信息系统的应用进行了分析,内容包括地理信息系统应用于城市环境管理的优越性、GIS在城市环境规划与决策、环境监测、环境评价、环境模拟与预测中的应用,最后,以城市环境管理地理信息系统为例介绍了GIS在环境管理中的具体应用.     

城市土壤重金属污染及治理对策

城市化的进程加速了城市土壤的重金属污染,对人类的健康及生命造成威胁。文中分析讨论了土壤重金属污染的来源、空间分布特征及其影响人体健康的途径,并从环境化学的角度提出了相应的污染治理的对策以实现城市可持续发展。     

系统动力学模型在城市发展规划环评中的应用——以山西省临汾市为例

鉴于作为评价对象的城市社会经济环境复合系统具有多目标、多要素、动态关联等突出的系统动力学特征,选择和应用系统动力学方法开展城市发展规划环评在理论上具有可行性和技术优势.作为典型资源型城市的山西省临汾市正面临转变发展方式和加快环境治理的紧迫要求,本文依托该市转型发展规划环评工作,在全面识别和剖析城市发展要素、现状问题及其成因基础上,以经济发展、产业结构、节能减排和环境改善为重点研究了规划要素间的动态反馈关系,以此构建城市转型发展规划环评SD模型,并对4个规划替代方案进行模拟和评价.结果显示,在环境目标刚性约束下所有替代方案均不能实现人均GDP翻番的较高经济增长目标,其中以较强环境约束为特征的"方案III"具有最好的环境与经济综合效果.据此评价建议临汾市应在确保实现环境改善目标的前提下主动放缓工业增长速度,同时加快以"煤焦铁电"为代表的主导产业结构调整并继续加大节能减排力度,全面提高城市可持续发展能力.     

新气候变迁报告:减排若不控制恐将引发大灾难

正联合国气候变迁专家小组于11月2日推出第五个全球气候变迁评估报告.据法国国际广播电台报道,联合国气候变迁问题专家组11月2日在丹麦首都哥本哈根推出对全球气候状况的最新评估报告,报告以超乎寻常的强烈用词警告,人类面对地球生态环境快速恶化的风险,各国政府必须尽快行动,降低温室气体排放,实现在2100年前将温室气体排放量减至零,否则恐将引发生态和社会灾难.同时报告也指出,减排     

清洁型城市河道养护管理技术标准的探讨

结合杭州古新河、西溪河、余杭塘河、备塘河、宁波马蜂港河、横间港河等十余条河道6~7年的持续养护管理经验(河道水质始终保持在V类水及以上),编写了清洁型城市河道养护管理技术标准。该标准简明扼要地概括了城市河道整治后的日常养护管理工作的主要内容、评价指标和适用范围以及技术档案管理系统的建立,为今后政府和相关企业河道养护管理作业提供了有益的参考。     

Biostability in distribution systems in one city in southern China：Characteristics, modeling and control strategy

This study investigated the bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems receiving finished water from an advanced drinking water treatment plant in one city in southem China. Thirteen nodes in two water supply zones with different aged pipelines were selected to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen （DO）, chloramine residual, assimilable organic carbon （AOC）, and heterotrophic plate counts （HPC）. Regression and principal component analyses indicated that HPC had a strong correlation with chloramine residual. Based on Chick-Watson＇s Law and the Monod equation, biostability curves under different conditions were developed to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. The biostability curves could interpret the scenario under various AOC concentrations and predict the required chloramine residual concentration under the condition of high AOC level. The simulation was also carded out to predict the scenario with a stricter HPC goal （≤50 CFU/mL） and determine the required chloramine residual. The biological regrowth control strategy was assessed using biostability curve analysis. The results indicated that maintaining high chloramine residual concentration was the most practical way to achieve the goal of HPC ≤ 100 CFU/mL. Biostability curves could be a very useful tool for biostability control in distribution systems. This work could provide some new insights towards biostability control in real distribution systems.     

Evaluation of accuracy of linear regression models in predicting urban stormwater discharge characteristics

Stormwater runoff has been identified as a source of pollution for the environment, especially for receiving waters. In order to quantify and manage the impacts of stormwater runoff on the environment, predictive models and mathematical models have been developed. Predictive tools such as regression models have been widely used to predict stormwater discharge characteristics. Storm event characteristics, such as antecedent dry days （ADD）, have been related to response variables, such as pollutant loads and concentrations. However it has been a controversial issue among many studies to consider ADD as an important variable in predicting stormwater discharge characteristics. In this study, we examined the accuracy of general linear regression models in predicting discharge characteristics of roadway runoff. A total of 17 storm events were monitored in two highway segments, located in Gwangju, Korea. Data from the monitoring were used to calibrate United States Environmental Protection Agency＇s Storm Water Management Model （SWMM）. The calibrated SWMM was simulated for 55 storm events, and the results of total suspended solid （TSS） discharge loads and event mean concentrations （EMC） were extracted. From these data, linear regression models were developed. R2 and p-values of the regression of ADD for both TSS loads and EMCs were investigated. Results showed that pollutant loads were better predicted than pollutant EMC in the multiple regression models. Regression may not provide the true effect of site-specific characteristics, due to uncertainty in the data.     

Antimony smelting process generating solid wastes and dust：Characterization and leaching behaviors

A large amount of solid waste has been produced by the antimony smelting process in the＂World Capital of Antimony＂, Xikuangshan area in China. This study comprehensively investigated the physical and chemical characteristics of the various solid wastes, as well as the leaching behavior of the solid wastes, which included water-quenched slag,arsenic-alkali residue, desulfurized slag and blast furnace dust. These four types of waste were enriched in a variety of heavy metals and metalloids and more specifically with As and Sb levels up to 8.6 × 104 and 3.16 × 105mg/kg, respectively, in arsenic-alkali residue. For desulfurized slag and water-quenched slag, the leaching concentration of Sb significantly exceeded the acceptable limits during the leaching tests using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure. In addition, As leaching in arsenic-alkali residue was extraordinarily hazardous, being three orders of magnitude higher than the regulatory level of As. According to the results of the extraction tests, all the tested wastes were classified as hazardous waste.